| does aerobic respiration or fermentation yield more atp? | aerobic respiration |
| what type of energy is stored in glucose? | chemical energy |
| how must the energy stored in glucose be released by all cells? | through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration |
| what is the energy released from the breakdown of glucose used for? | to generate ATP |
| what is ATP made up of? | Adenosine Triphosphate
one group of adenosine and three phosphate groups |
| What is the function of ATP? | it allows energy to be transferred from process that release energy to processes that require energy |
| name a process that requires energy | cell division |
| name a process that releases energy | respiration |
| name four cellular activities energy transferred by ATP can be used for? | muscle cell contraction
cell division
protein synthesis
transmission of nerve impulses |
| what is aerobic respiration? | a chemical reaction which releases the energy stored in glucose |
| why is aerobic respiration described as 'aerobic'? | it takes place in the presence of oxygen |
| what is the word equation for the process of aerobic respiration? | glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| what is glucose broken down into during the first stage of aerobic respiration? | two molecules of pyruvate |
| what is released during the breakdown of glucose in the first stage of aerobic respiration? | two ATP molecules |
| where does the first stage of aerobic respiration take place? | cytoplasm |
| describe the second stage of aerobic respiration | each pyruvate molecule is broken down into carbon dioxide and water |
| what is released during the second stage of aerobic respiration? | enough energy to yield a large number of ATP molecules |
| where does the second stage of aerobic respiration take place? | mitochondria |
| the higher the energy requirements of a cell, the more mitochondria are present in that cell. Why is this? | the second stage of aerobic respiration releases the most atp and takes place in the mitochondria |
| in the absence of oxygen, what type of respiration takes place? | fermentation
(Fermentation pathway) |
| describe the first stage of fermentation | glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, and two atp molecules are released. |
| does the first stage of respiration require oxygen? | no |
| during fermentation in animal cells, what happens to the pyruvate molecules produced? | they are converted to lactate |
| where does the first stage of fermentation take place? | the cytoplasm |
| what is the word equation for fermentation in animal cells? | glucose → lactate + energy |
| during fermentation in plant and yeast cells, what happens to the pyruvate molecules? | they are converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol |
| what is the word equation for fermentation in plant and yeast cells? | glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy |
| how many atp molecules does the breakdown of each glucose molecule via fermentation yield? | only the two initial atp molecules |
| does aerobic respiration or fermentation yield more atp? | aerobic respiration |
| describe the first stage of aerobic respiration | glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, enough energy is released to yield two atp molecules |
| where is the process of fermentation completed? | the cytoplasm |
