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level: 08 - Project Quality Terms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: 08 - Project Quality Terms

Question	Answer
These diagrams, such as the project network diagram, show the flow of the project work.	Activity network diagram
This diagram breaks down ideas, solutions, causes, and project components and groups them together with other similar ideas and components.	Affinity diagram
Comparing any two similar entities to measure their performance.	Benchmarking
Diagrams that show the relationship between variables within a process and how those relationships may contribute to inadequate quality. The diagrams can help organize both the process and team opinions, as well as generate discussion on finding a solution to ensure quality.	Cause-and-effect diagrams
A simple approach to ensure that work is completed according to the quality policy.	Checklist
A quality control chart that maps the performance of project work over time.	Control chart
An inspection-driven process that measures work results to confirm that the project is meeting the relevant quality standards.	Control quality
This is the cost associated with the monies spent to attain the expected level of quality. It is also known as the cost of quality.	Cost of conformance
The cost associated with not satisfying quality expectations. This is also known as the cost of poor quality.	Cost of nonconformance to quality
A process to study the trade-offs between costs and the benefits realized from those costs.	Cost-benefit analysis
An approach that relies on statistical scenarios to determine what variables within a project will result in the best outcome.	Design of experiments
Assurance provided to the external customers of the project.	External QA
A diagram illustrating how components within a system are related. Flowcharts show the relation between components, as well as help the project team determine where quality issues may be present and, once done, plan accordingly.	Flowchart
Assurance provided to management and the project team.	Internal QA
The abbreviation for the International Organization for Standardization. ISO is Greek for “equal,” while “International Organization for Standardization” in a different language would be abbreviated differently. The organization elected to use “ISO” for all languages.	ISO
A data analysis table that shows the strength between variables and relationships in the matrix.	Matrix diagram
A histogram that illustrates and ranks categories of failure within a project.	Pareto diagram
According to ASQ, the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.	Quality
A management process that defines the quality system or quality policy that a project must adhere to. QA aims to plan quality into the project rather than to inspect quality into a deliverable.	Quality assurance
This plan defines how the project team will implement and fulfill the quality policy of the performing organization.	Quality management plan
The operational definitions that specify the measurements within a project and the expected targets for quality and performance.	Quality metrics
The process of first determining which quality standards are relevant to your project and then finding out the best methods of adhering to those quality standards.	Quality planning
A component of a control chart that illustrates the results of seven measurements on one side of the mean, which is considered “out of control” in the project.	Rule of Seven
A quality control tool that shows the results of inspection in the order in which they’ve occurred. The goal of a run chart is first to demonstrate the results of a process over time and then to use trend analysis to predict when certain trends may reemerge.	Run chart
A quality control tool that tracks the relationship between two variables over time. The two variables are considered related the closer they track against a diagonal line.	Scatter diagram
These seven tools are used in quality planning and in quality control: cause-and-effect diagrams, flowcharts, check sheets, Pareto diagrams, histograms, control charts, and scatter diagrams.	Seven basic quality tools
A process of choosing a percentage of results at random. For example, a project creating a medical device may have 20 percent of all units randomly selected to check for quality.	Statistical sampling
Flowcharts that illustrate the flow of a process through a system, such as a project change request through the change control system, or work authorization through a quality control process.	System or process flowcharts
Tree diagrams show the hierarchies and decomposition of a solution, an organization, or a project team. The WBS and an org chart are examples of tree diagrams.	Tree diagram
The science of using past results to predict future performance.	Trend analysis
The results of the project work as needed. This includes technical performance measures, project status, information on what the project has created to date, corrective actions, and performance reports.	Work performance information