| flams test colours | -lithium, crimson
-sodium, yellow
-potassium, lilac
-calcium, orange-red
-copper, green |
| how do you prepare for a flame test | -clean a platinum loop wire by dipping it in dilute hcl
-hold it in a blue flame from a Bunsen burner till it burns without any colour
-dip the loop into the sample you're testing and put back into blue flame |
| why do flame tests only work with samples containing only one metal ion | the colours of some ions will mask the other colours |
| colours of precipitate using sodium hydroxide | -calcium, white
-copper(ii), blue
-iron(ii), green
-iron(iii), brown
-aluminium, white (redissolves in excess NaOH forming a colourless solution)
-magnesium, white |
| test for chlorine | bleaches damp blue litmus paper as its acidic |
| test for oxygen | relights a glowing splint |
| test for carbon dioxide | bubble through limewater and turns it cloudy |
| test for hydrogen | burns a lit splint with a squeaky pop |
| test for carbonate ions | -add dilute acid
-bubble through limewater
-co2 will be released and turns the limewater cloudy |
| test for sulfate ions | -add dilute hydrochloric acid
-add barium chloride solution
-a white precipitate of barium sulfate will form |
| test for halide ions | -add dilute nitric acid
-add silver nitrate solution
-chloride= white
-bromide= cream
-iodide= yellow |
| test for halide ions | -add dilute nitric acid
-add silver nitrate solution
-chloride= white
-bromide= cream
-iodide= yellow |
