| what is titration? | an analytical technique used to determine the accurate volumes involved in a neutralisation reaction |
| What is a neutralisation reaction? | the reaction of an acid with a base producing water as one of the products |
| how is a salt formed in a neutralisation reaction? | the hydrogen ion of the acids is replaced by the positive ion of the base to form a salt |
| how is water formed in a neutralisation reaction? | the hydrogen ions of the acid react with hydroxide ions to form water |
| what type of salts form from hydrochloric acid? | chloride salts |
| what type of salts form from nitric acid? | nitrate salts |
| what type of salts form from sulfuric acid? | sulfate salts |
| what are the products when a metal oxide and an acid react? | a salt + water |
| what are the products formed when a metal hydroxide and an acid react? | a salt + water |
| what are the products when a metal carbonate and an acid react? | a salt + water + carbon dioxide |
| what is a spectator ion? | an ion that remains unchanged in a chemical reaction |
| what are the spectator ions in this balanced formula equation? | SO4^2-
Ca^2+ |
| what are the spectator ions in this balanced formula equation? | Na+
NO3^- |
| what does removing spectator ions from a balanced formula equation leave behind? | the equation representing the overall reaction taking place |
| what is titration? | an analytical technique used to determine the accurate volumes involved in a neutralisation reaction |
| what is this piece of apparatus and what is it used for? | a burette is used to measure the exact volume of acid required to neutralise the alkali. The titre. |
| what is this piece of apparatus and what is it used for? | a pipette is used to measure the exact volume of alkali |
| what is a standard solution? | a solution of accurately known concentration |
| what is the minimum amount of times you should carry out a titration? | 3 |
| what is meant by concordant titre values? | titre values within 0.2cm^3 of each other |
| what must be carried out before your first proper titration? | a trial/rough titration |
| when carrying out titration calculations, what must be done to the concordant titre values? | must calculate a mean average of them |
| when is the end point of a titration reached? | when there is a permanent colour change of indicator seen in the conical flask |
| why isn't universal indicator typically used for titrations? | large range of colours make it hard to spot the end point of the titration |
