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level: chapter 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: chapter 2

Question	Answer
the wall between the aorta and pulmonary artery do not form, usually associated with VSD?	persistent truncus arteriosus
what side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood	right side
where does the deoxygenated blood come back from the head?	superior vena cava
where does the deoxygenated blood come back from the lower body?	inferior vena cava
another name for pulmonic and aortic valves	semilunar valves
Sinoatrial node does what to send a signal?	a wave of depolarization
atrial fibrillation may lead to?	atrial thrombus formation
rate of brachycardia	less than 60
rate of tachycardia	more than 100
systolic pressure is created when?	contacting
what does ventricular fibrillation do?	the ventricle quiver instead of contract
diastolic is created when?	resting
oxygen saturation represents?	hemoglobin bound to oxygen
which vena cava has a higher O2 saturation?	inferior
what kinds of blood vessels have one-way valves?	veins
if preload increases, what happens to contractility, stroke volume, and cardiac out put?	all of these increase until critical point is reached
what commonly causes right heart failure?	left heart failure
adventitial layer (tunica adventitia) serves what propose to the blood vessles?	protective connective tissue
RCA is dominate in how much of the population?	85%
How dominate is the LCA?	8%
how much of the population is codominante?	7%
fatty plaque build up in blood vessels?	atherosclerosis
chest pain from cardiac ischemia?	angina
what are the 3 types of anginas?	stable, unstable, and variant
what is a Prinzmetal angina?	variant angina caused by muscle spasm
describe myocardial infarction	plaque rupture that causes thrombus to form, that completely occludes the blood vessel, aka heart attack
what is myocardial stunning or hibernation?	after ischemia blood flow is returned but the myocardium does not instantly recover, but comes bock over time
what is the localized dilation of the blood vessel?	aneurysm
which atrium receives deoxygenated blood?	right atrium
what atrium receives blood from the lungs?	left atrium
arteriosum ligamentum fails to close in a newborn, what happens?	patent ductus arteriosus
what causes cyanosis?	deoxygenated blood from right ventricle wrongly enterers aorta
the wall between the aorta and pulmonary artery do not form, usually associated with VSD?	persistent truncus arteriosus
inner surface of the heart	endocardium
left atrium to ventricle	mitral valve
what attaches the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles?	chordae tendinae
what makes the valves open and close?	changes in pressure
fluid in pericardium	pericardial effusion
how many leaflets does the pulmonary valve have?	3
sac that covers the heart	pericardium
myocardium is made of	muscle
Arteries branch into	arterioles
valves that don't open all the way are?	stenotic
valve from right atrium to ventricle?	tricuspid valve
where is external respiration?	capillary beds
pulmonary veins to what?	left atrium