| Talk about Cutibacterium acne. | AKA propionobacteria, it usually is the cause of acne vulgaris, G+ anaerobic. |
| Talk about the types of acne. | White head/ comedones which appear as bumps of the skin, as they become bigger they are called pupule, and if they fill with puss they become pustules
Dark head acne which is caused by accumulation of sebum and converting them into fatty acids |
| Where are acne found and how do we treat them? | Found in face, back and neck, treated by doxycyclin |
| Talk about the corynebacterium diphtheriae. | They are non-pathogenic usually, G+, non-motile and non-sporulated, they may release some toxins encoded by diphtheriatoxin which is due to a viral injection of DNA material (bacteriophages) mainly cause pharyngitis (respiratory tract)
Appear as chinese letter (acute angle) appearance |
| What are the consequences of corynebacterium diphtheriae infection? | Pseudo-membrane, which is a white peel looking part at the pharynx, we should never peal it since it will lead to toxemia by exposing inner vessels to the toxins, they contain puss and pathogenic cells
The infection may also cause bull neck which may lead to apnea, thus we need to apply a tracheostomy to intubate into the lungs for him to breathe well
It would also cause paralysis of soft palate.
Skin diphtheria (which occurs also to alcoholics and homeless people) |
| How do we treat diphtheriae infections? | Penicillin G and an antitoxin |
| How do we test for diphtheria? | Elek plate (similar to CAMP test) where we have three colors, streaking first is control (has the disease) second has an antitoxin (not the disease) and the third one is the tested one. |
| How do we gain immunity to diphtheria? | Through the skin it is slow so we acquire immunity, however in some pharyngitis immunity may occur due to skin immunity (diphtheria) |
| Talk about Listeria monocytogenes. | Facultative anaerobes, intracellular (invasive) they enternalize into the phagosomes and then to lysosomes where LLOs (listeriolysin O) will go out and may cause listeriosis, gastroenteritis, meningitis (they attack epithelia, macrophages and hepatocytes)
(IP 1-90 days)
may cause granulomatosis infantiseptica, IP 6-48 hours, and meningoencephalitis (for babies, elderly and immunosupressed)
Treated by ampicillin (alone without clavulanic acid) |
