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level: VIRUSES TYPES AND MORPHOLOGY

Questions and Answers List

level questions: VIRUSES TYPES AND MORPHOLOGY

Question	Answer
• This is used to detect antibodies and antigens.	Serological methods
• This is used to detect antibodies and antigens.	Serological methods
• This is used to detect antibodies and antigens.	Serological methods
• This is used to detect antibodies and antigens.	Serological methods
• This is used to detect antibodies and antigens.	Serological methods
• Long rods • Rigid or flexible • The nucleic acid is found within a hallow-cylindrical capsid in helical structure	Helical Viruses
• The capsid is usually shaped as an icosahedron	Polyhedral Viruses
• A polyhedron with 20 triangular faces and 12 corners	icosahedron
• Roughly spherical • They can be helical or polyhedral viruses	Enveloped viruses
• Complicated structure • Different shape	Complex virus
Examples of Helical Viruses	Rabies Virus, Ebola (Virus) hemorrhagic fever
Examples of Polyhedral viruses	Adenovirus, Poliovirus
Examples of Enveloped viruses	Influenza virus (Enveloped helical) Herpes Simple Virus (Enveloped polyhedral)
Examples of Complex virus	Bacteriophage o Head part is polyhedral o Tail is helical
1. • For the family name, we usually add the suffix __ 2. • For the genus name, we add the suffix __	1. –viridae 2. –virus
What method used in Growing Bacteriophages in the Laboratory?	Solid media: Plaque method • Procedure is to grow the bacteria then add the virus to multiply
How to count viruses?	• By looking at the plaques or white cotton appearance The counting is through PFU
Growing Animal Viruses in the Laboratory 3 METHODS	1 Living animals 2 Embryonated eggs 3 Cell culture
• It is used as a diagnostic procedure for identifying and isolating a virus from clinical specimen.	Living Animals
• A fairly convenient and inexpensive method. • They are widely used in viral isolation and even in vaccines.	Embryonated eggs
• Replaced the embryonated eggs as the preferred growth medium for many viruses • The cells are grown in culture media therefore it can be propagated and handled like bacterial cultures	Cell culture (Normal and Transformed Cells)
In culture media, Grow in a monolayer across the container.	Primary cells
In culture media, Grow in several layers	Transformed cells
o They develop from human embryos and they can be maintained for about 100 generations. And, they are widely used for cultivating viruses that require human hosts.	Transformed or Diploid Cell Lines
they are derived from tissue cells and they tend to die out after a few generations	Normal or Primary Cell Lines
Viral Identification	• Electron Microscopy • Serological methods • RFLPs • PCR
• This is used to detect antibodies and antigens.	Serological methods