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level: PROKARYOTES

Questions and Answers List

level questions: PROKARYOTES

Question	Answer
Sugar-coat It surrounds the prokaryotic cells. Composed of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS)	Glycocalyx
Function of glycocalyx	1 Attachment to host cells 2 Source of nutrition 3 Prevent dehydration 4 Escape host immune system
2 ways to describe glycocalyx	1 Capsule 2 Slime Layer
Glycocalyx that is organized and is firmly attached to the cell wall gram staining	Capsule
A term for glycocalyx if the glycocalyx is unorganized and is loosely attached to the cell wall	Slime Layer
About half of all-known bacteria are motile and they usually use	Flagella
Types of flagella	1 Monotrichous 2 Amphitrichous 3 Lophotrichous 4 Peritrichous
Has a single-polar flagellum at one end	Monotrichous
It has 2 polar flagella; one at each end. Give an example	Amphitrichous Ex. Spirillum.
It has 2 or more flagella at one or both ends. Example	Lophotrichous Ex. Pseudomonas species.
Basic parts of a Flagella:	1 Filament (Outermost) 2 Hook (Wider segment) 3 Basal Body (a set of rings)
Movement of a cell toward or away from a particular stimulus.	Taxis Types Chemotaxis (chemical stimulus) Phototaxis (light stimulus)
1 a variation or a way to distinguish species of gram-negative bacteria. 2 used to identify important pathogens.	1 Serovar 2 H antigen
A strain the causes the food-borne epidemic or the bloody diarrhea.	E. coli 0157:H7
1 A bundle of fibers that are anchored at ends of the cells beneath the sheath. Similar structure with flagella 2 Rotation of this produces a __	1 Axial Filaments or endoflagella 2 corkscrew or spiral motion
Hair-like appendages that are shorter, straighter, and thinner than the flagella attachment rather than motility	Fimbriae and Pili
1 Axial filament is found in __ 2 Fimbriae is found in __	1 Spirochetes, Treponema pallidum 2 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
This causes syphilis which is a sexually transmitted disease	Treponema pallidum
causes gonorrhea that is a sexually-transmitted disease.	Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Bacteria can attach to broth surface via fimbriae, forming a film-like layer called	pellicle
They are longer than the fimbriae Attach two cells together, and allow the transfer of genetic material (DNA) between cells.	Conjugation or sex pili
The Cell Wall function	1 Maintains characteristic shape of cell. 2 Prevents the cell from bursting when fluids flow into the cell by osmosis. - It contributes to the bacterial ability to causes disease. - Site of action of some antibiotics
Cell wall is composed of	Peptidoglycan or murein