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level: Key Terms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Key Terms

Question	Answer
cell communication to locate a suitable mate, adapt metabolism rates, or make numbers known to other members	quorum sensing
the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus and can be positive or negative	taxis
movement in response to chemicals	chmotaxis
cell junctions or signaling molecules	ligands
bind to ligands and trigger a response by changing shape of the receptor protein	receptors
the process by which an external signal is transmitted to the inside of a cell	signal transduction
open or close an ion channel upon binding a particular ligand	ligand-gated ion channels
an enzymatic active site on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane	catalytic receptors
does not act as an enzyme but will bind a different version on the intracellular side when a ligand is bound extracellularly	G-protein-linked receptor
the set of conditions under which living things can successfully survive	homeostasis
works by turning itself off using the end product of the pathway (ex. insulin and blood sugar)	negative feedback
instead of inhibiting the pathway it further stimulates it (ex. childbirth)	positive feedback
identical strands of DNA	sister chromatids
the structure that holds chromatids together	centromere
protein that highly regulates checkpoints in the cell cycle	cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases
control mechanism that make sure cell division is happening properly in eukaryotic cells	cell cycle checkpoints
a programmed cell death if the DNA is damaged	apoptosis
mutated genes that induce cancer	oncogenes
unregulated cell division	cancer
genes that produce proteins that prevent the conversion of normal cells into cancer genes	tumor suppressor genes
the lining up of chromosomes during metaphase on the equatorial plane	metaphase plate
the process of which the cytoplasm is split	cytokinesis
the area where the cell has begun to split in telophase	cleavage furrow
the simile for cleavage furrow in plants	cell plate