| What are the 3 types of omega 3 fatty acids | ALA
DHA
EPA |
| What is the chemical structure of ALA: ( C#:#DB (N3) ) | 18:3 (N3) |
| What is the chemical structure of DHA: ( C#:#DB (N3) ) | 22:6 (N3) |
| What is the chemical structure of EPA: ( C#:#DB (N3) ) | 20:5 (N3) |
| DHA is the ______ and has the most _____
this makes it ________ | longest
double bonds
fluid-like |
| What is the purpose of fatty acid desaturase and elongase. What do we need to consider in relation to the Omega 3 to 6 ratio | They add double bonds and make fatty acids longer
*Omega 6 takes priority! We want to decrease the competition |
| ALA is inferior to EPA and DHA because... (2) | Isn't often used for cell membranes
isn't great for eicosanoid formation |
| Eicosanoids must be _____carbons long | 20 |
| Sources of ALA (6) | Chia
kiwi
flax
hemp
rape seed (AKA Canola)
soybean |
| Main sources of ALA | Flax,
Kiwi
Chia |
| DHA/EPA sources (4) | Red algae
Canola
fatty fish
krill |
| What is the scientific name of red algae | Crypthecodinium Cohnii |
| Fortified sources of omega 3 (4) | *Milk*
tofu
eggs
cereals |
| If the fortified source is ______ it is likely ALA | dry |
| Types of omega 6 (4) | linolenic acid
arachidonic acid
Adrenic Acid
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid |
| Linolenic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6)) | 18:2 (N6) |
| Arachidonic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6)) | 20:4 (N6) |
| Adrenic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6)) | 22:4 (N6) |
| Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid molecular formula (#c:#DB (N6)) | 20:3 (Eicosanoid!!) |
| Omega 6 sources (6) | whole grains/cereals
Dairy
Veg. oils
Eggs
Meats
Nuts and seeds
Think breakfast foods |
| Adequate intake: Linoleic and linolenic for females | 12 g/d
1.1 g/d |
| Adequate intake: Linoleic and linolenic for males | 17 g/d
1.6 g/d |
| Humans don't have proper enzymes to make omega 3 because we can't make bonds beyond the _______site | Delta 9 |
| Omega-3 literally means the first double bond begins _____ away on the _____side | 3
omega |
| ideal Omega 6 to omega 3 ratio | 2:1 |
| What omega fats are essential for brain formation during the last trimester - -> 2 yrs old | DHA
ARA |
| DHA functions (6) | Anti-inflammatory effects
Cerebral blood flow
Membrane fluidity
decrease Oxidative stress
Neurotransmission
A CMON |
| _________ should be taken with omega 3, otherwise it will likely become deficient | Vitamin E |
| How long does it take for fats to be incorporated into the cell membrane? | ~1 month |
| How does an omega 3/6 get converted to an eicosanoid? | O3/6- -> 20 carbon FA - -> Eicosanoid |
| What enzymes are used to convert omega 3/6 (fatty acids) to eicosanoids? | COX
LOX
CYP
Phospholipase |
| what does CYP stand for? | Cytochrome p450 |
| What are the subfamilies of eicosanoids? (3) | Prostaglandins (PG)
Leukotrienes (LT)
Thromboxanes (TX) |
| What are all the types of Prostaglandins: | PG-
D, E, F, G, H, I |
| What are all the types of Leukotrienes? | LT-
A, B, C, D, E, F |
| What are all the types of Thromboxanes? | TX
A, B |
| TXB>2: what does the 2 mean? | # of double bonds |
| What fish has the perfect ration of omega 3 to omega 6? | Sea Bass |
| What are the subfamilies of docasanoids? | resolvins
Neuroprotectins |
| Omega 3 and 6 shared functions: (4) | Create eicosanoids
Alter gene expression
PPAR (transcription factor)–for fat metabolism
Structure (phospholipids) |
| Omega 6 eicosanoid functions (3) | pro-inflammation
vasoconstriction
blood clotting |
| Omega 3 is an _________ | Antioxidant |
| Omega 3 eicosanoid functions: (3) | decrease CVD issues (decrease blood clots, atherogenesis, BP...etc.)
increase HDL, decrease TG (serum) |
| Being low in omega 3 can lead to: (7) | Heart disease
Arthritis
Depression
Memory loss
Ulcerative colitis
Cancer
Hypertension
HAD MUCH? |
