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level: ppt ni ma'am Udasco

Questions and Answers List

level questions: ppt ni ma'am Udasco

Question	Answer
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage: Description: fever, abdominal pain and tenderness; foul-smelling vaginal discharge; bleeding from scant to heavy Treatment: termination of pregnancy; antibiotic therapy; monitoring for septic shock	Septic
Vaginal bleeding may be innocent, but any degree of this during pregnancy is potentially serious because?	it may mean that the placenta has loosened, cutting off nourishment to the fetus.
Assessment of Pregnant Woman with Hypovolemic shock:	Confusion Pallor Tachypnea Decreased blood pressure Decreased cardiac output Fetal bradycardia peripheral vasoconstriction (placenta reacts as a peripheral organ) Decreased urinary output
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage:	A. Threatened B. Inevitable or incomplete C. Complete D. Septic E. Missed F. Recurrent/habitual
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage: Description: -spotting without cervical changes -Vague bleeding, scant, bright red -Slight cramping -No cervical dilation Treatment: -bed rest for 24 to 48 hours; no sexual intercourse for 2 weeks -May be asked to come to the clinic or office to have fetal heart sounds assessed or an ultrasound performed to evaluate the viability of the fetus. -hCG is checked (level doubles in 48 hours, if it does not double, poor placental function is suspected.) -Avoid strenous activity for 24-48 hours, no coitus for 2 wks	Threatened
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage: Description: -moderate to heavy bleeding with tissue and products of conception present; open cervical os -Uterine contractions and cervical dilation occur Treatment: -hospitalization; D&C (dilatation and curettage) -She should save any tissue fragments she has passed and bring them with her so they can be examined. -If no fetal heart sounds and ultrasound reveals an empty uterus, a physician may perform a vacuum extraction (dilation and evacuation [D&E] to ensure that all products of conception re removed. -After D&E, woman should assess vaginal bleeding by recording number of pads. ->1 pad/hr = abnormally heavy bleeding.	Inevitable or incomplete
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage: Description: all products of conception passed; cervix closed Treatment: no need for treatment	Complete
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage: Description: fever, abdominal pain and tenderness; foul-smelling vaginal discharge; bleeding from scant to heavy Treatment: termination of pregnancy; antibiotic therapy; monitoring for septic shock	Septic
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage: Description: fetus dead; placenta atrophied but passage of products of conception has not occurred; cervix closed Treatment: watchful waiting; check clotting factors and possibly terminate pregnancy to lessen the chances of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)	Missed
HESI - Types and Treatment of Miscarriage: Description: loss of three or more previable pregnancies Treatment: varies based on cause; if premature cervical dilatation (incompetent cervix) is cause, prophylactic cerclage may be done.	Recurrent/habitual
medical term for any interruption of a pregnancy before a fetus is viable (able to survive outside the uterus if born at that time).	Abortion
A viable fetus:	more than 20 to 24 weeks of gestation (AoG) weighs at least 500 g
is an early miscarriage if it occurs before week 16 of pregnancy; and a late miscarriage if it occurs between weeks 16 and 24.	Spontaneous miscarriage
Spontaneous miscarriage may occur at different times of pregnancy (Before 16 weeks or 6+), based on the time this occurs, the placenta's depth of attachment determines the amount of bleeding: Developing placenta is tentatively attached to the decidua of the uterus	6th week
Spontaneous miscarriage may occur at different times of pregnancy (Before 16 weeks or 6+), based on the time this occurs, the placenta's depth of attachment determines the amount of bleeding: Moderate degree of attachment to the myometrium is present	6-12 week
Spontaneous miscarriage may occur at different times of pregnancy (Before 16 weeks or 6+), based on the time this occurs, the placenta's depth of attachment determines the amount of bleeding: The attachment is penetrating and deep bleeding after week 12 can be profuse because the placenta is implanted so deeply	after week 12
True or False: HESI Hint - Spontaneous abortion may be the result of intimate partner violence.	Intimate partner violence often begins or occurs more frequently during pregnancy.
Causes of Spontaneous Miscarriage	-First trimester- abnormal fetal development -Immunologic factors -Rejection of the embryo through an immune response -Implantation abnormalities -Corpus luteum fails to produce enough progesterone to maintain decidua basalis -Systemic infection -Rubella (Chicken pox), syphilis, poliomyelitis, cytomegalovirus, and toxoplasmosis infections readily cross the placenta -Urinary Tract -Endometrial sloughing due to an infection which slows down the estrogen and progesterone production, this will result to release of...