| Basic types of software: | System software
Utility programs
Applications software |
| It controls input, output, and storage
It controls the operations of the application software | System software "boot up" (starts up and initializes) the computer system |
| Categories of software: consists of programs designed to support and optimize the functioning of the computer system itself | Utility software |
| Categories of software: Includes the various programs which users require to perform day-to-day tasks | Application software |
| Categories of software: Some users claim a third types of software called?
There are programs that are used:
-to help maintain the system
-Clean up unwanted programs
-Protect the system against virus attacks
-Access the World Wide Web (WWW) | Utility programs |
| System software: The first level of system control is handled by the ???stored on a ROM chip on the motherboard
Is the first part of the computer to function when the system is turned on
It first searches for an Operating System (OS) and loads it into the RAM
Consists of a set of instructions permanently burned onto a computer chip, it is a combination of hardware and software. | BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) |
| BIOS first searches?
and? | first searches for an Operating System (OS) and loads it into the RAM |
| The BIOS consists of a? | set of instructions permanently burned onto a computer chip, it is a combination of hardware and software |
| Programs on chips are often called?
Because they straddle the line between hardware and software
They also cannot be upgraded without changing the hardware chip | firmware |
| Firmware also cannot be upgraded without? | changing the hardware chip |
| Programs on chips are called firmware because?
For this reason, many computer engineers make distinction between firmware and software
From this perspective, the OS is actually the first level of system software | they straddle the line between hardware and software |
| Is actually the first level of system software
Is the overall controller of the work of the computer
Is software loaded from the hard drive into RAM as soon as the computer is turned on
can be upgraded or entirely changed through software
-manages the interfaces to all peripheral hardware
-schedule tasks
-allocates storage in memory and on disks
-retrieves programs and data from storage
-provides an interface between the machine and the user | An operating system |
| The OS software is loaded from and into, as? | the hard drive into RAM as soon as the computer is turned on |
| The OS can be upgraded or entirely changed through? | software |
| True or False:
The user can simply delete one system of firmware files from the hard drive and install a new firmware. | False, firmware cannot be upgraded without changing the hardware chip; and
It is OS: The user can simply delete one system of OS files from the hard drive and install a new OS |
| The OS can be purchased: | separately and installed by the user |
| OSs handle the connection between the: | CPU and peripherals |
| The connection between the CPU and a peripheral or a user is called an? | interface |
| Operating Systems: Most critical tasks performed is the? | management of storage |
| In the early computers, there were no? | operating systems
The lack of an OS made programming enormously time-consuming and tedious |
| The lack of OS in the early computers made programming: | enormously time-consuming and tedious
In comparison, programming today (in the future)-- while still difficult and time-consuming task --- is much more efficient |
| Includes programs designed to keep the computer system operating efficiently
are sort of between system software and applications software | Utility programs |
| Utility programs do keep the computer system operating efficiently by: | -adding power to the functioning of the system software
-Supporting the operating system or applications software programs |
| Utility programs are sort of between: | system software and application softwawre |
| many writers identify utility software as part of the: | system software category |
| The system software category include at least: | -Security software
-Disk Management Utilities
-Backup utilities
-Screen Savers
-Archival Software
-Programming environment support programs |
| Includes primarily antivirus, firewall, and encryption programs | Security software |
| Security software includes: | antivirus, firewall, and encryption programs |
| Utility software: Security software: Serve primarily to guard against malicious programs inadvertently accessed | Antivirus utilities |
| Utility software: Security software: Are a type of security program that makes it much harder for unauthorized persons or systems to enter the computer and hijack or damage programs or data on the computer | Firewalls |
| Utility software: Security software: Encodes the data so that it cannot be read until it is decoded | The encryption software |
| Utility software: Security software: Indicate that the site encrypts data sent through that site | The HTTPS letters on a Web page address |
| Utility software: Designed to help the user keep hard disk space clean and efficient
-Accomplished by analyzing the use of disk space, defragmenting the drive, and deleting duplicate files if the user so command | Disk management utilities |
| utility software: Disk management utilities is accomplished by: | analyzing the use of disk space, defragmenting the drive, and deleting duplicate files if the user so command |
| Utility software: Disk management utilities: Many programs and Internet sites temporarily store information on the hard drive as part of their operations, but when those operations are finished, they don't | clean the temporary files. |
| Other disk management utilities include: | diagnostic programs designed to find problems with programs or the operating system so that they can be fixed |
| Utility software: Serve to help the users back up their data
Illegal (or pirate) programs are a different issue | Backup utilities |
| Utility software: It is very important for users to back up any data they have saved so that: | they don't (want to) lose permanently |
| Utility software: Computer programs that either blank the monitor screen or fill it with constantly moving images when the user is away from the computer
-are often entertaining or beautiful to look at
-Do provide a small measure of privacy as they hide whatever the user is working on when the user steps away from the compter | Screen savers |
| Utility software: Screen savers do provide: | a small measure of privacy as they hide whatever the user is working on when the user steps away from the computer |
| Utility software: Compresses information in files to be archived, and then stores them in a compressed form in come long term storage device | Archival software |
| Utility software: Terms used to describe the data compression performed by archival software include: | packing, zipping, compressing, and archiving as well as unpacking, unzipping, de-archiving, and extraction |
| Utility software: Can sharply reduce the size of a large file such that it can be made small enough to email to another person or location | Compression |
| Utility software: Used by program developers to support their programming work or to run their programs | programming environment support programs |
| Utility software: The programs that translate a program written in a high-level language to the machine language are called: | compilers or interpreters |
| Utility software: The programs that translate a program written in a machine language to the high-level language are called: | decompiler program
or "Developer uses decompiler program to do the opposite |
| Utility software: Programming environment support programs: Syntax in this usage refers to a: | set of very specific rules about words, punctuation, word usage, and word order in a particular computer language |
| Utility software: Programming environment support programs: Problems with either logic or the syntax will cause: | the program to fail, or perform incorrectly |
| Utility software: Programming environment support programs: These kinds of problems with either logic or the syntax are called: | "bugs" |
| Utility software: Programming environment support programs: Correcting these kinds of problems with either logic or the syntax are called: | "debugging" a program |
| Utility software: Programming environment support programs: utility programs designed to help a programmer debug a program are called: | debugging programs |
| Utility software: Programming environment support programs: The most commonly used utility programs for programmers include: | programming aids and the various types of compilers and debuggers |
| Utility software: Application software: Hospitals usually have a large information called a: | Hospital Information System (HIS) or Hospital Information Technology System (HITS) |
| Utility software: Application software: Hospital Information System (HIS) or Hospital Information Technology System (HITS), these systems include most of the business applications needed, such as: | Billing
Payroll
Budget management
Inventory control
Personnel applications |
| Utility software: Application software: HIS or HITS also include: | Clinical and semi-clinical systems
the electronic medical record (EMR) |
| A means of communicating with the computer | Programming languages |
| The only language a CPU understand is: | binary or machine language |
| binary or machine language consists only of: | the binary numbers 1 and 0 |
| the binary numbers 1 and 0 in binary or machine language represents or are representing: | ON and OFF "switch" controlled by electrical impulses |
| English like language
The programmer must: | Third-generation Language
...must:
-Learn the words the language recognizes
-Use those words in a rigid style and sequence |
