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level: level 4

Questions and Answers List

level questions: level 4

Question	Answer
The first transdermal system for hypertension, was marketed in 1985.	Catapres TTS (clonidine transdermal therapeutic system, Boehringer Ingelheim)
1 lends itself to transdermal delivery because of its lipid solubility, high volume of distribution, and therapeutic effectiveness in LOW PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS	1 Clonidine
1 Catapres TTS amount of drug released is proportional to the __ 2 To ensure constant release over the 7-day use period, the drug content is __ (CATAPRES TTS)	1 patch size 2 greater than the total amount of drug delivered.
1 Clonidine flows in the direction of the lower concentration at a constant rate limited by a rate-controlling membrane. TRUE OR FALSE	1 TRUE The system is applied to the hairless area of intact skin on the upper outer arm or chest.
1 used as adjuncts in smoking cessation programs.	1 Nicotine TDDSs (Transdermal Nicotine)
1 users of nicotine TDDSs are more than twice as likely to quit smoking than individuals wearing a __ 2 provide sustained blood levels of nicotine as “nicotine-replacement-therapy” to help the patient establish and sustain remission from __ 3 The commercially available patches contain __ of nicotine 4 nicotine TDDS usually is applied to __	1 placebo patch. 2 smoking 3) 7 to 22 mg 4 arm or upper front torso, with patients advised not to smoke when wearing the system.
1 delivers 17beta-estradiol through a rate-limiting membrane continuously upon application to intact skin. Two systems provide delivery of 0.05 or 0.1 mg estradiol per day.	1 Estraderm TDDS
1 indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, female hypogonadism, female castration , primary ovarian failure, and atrophic conditions caused by deficient endogenous estrogen production, such as atrophic vaginitis and kraurosis value.	1 Estradiol
1 Transdermal administration produces therapeutic serum levels of estradiol with lower circulating levels of __ than does oral therapy and requires a smaller total dose. 2 The systemic side effects from oral estrogens can be reduced by using the __	1 estrone and estrone conjugates 2 transdermal dosage forms
1 are available with various delivery rates as hormone replacement therapy in men who have an absence or deficiency of testosterone. Optimum serum levels are reached within 2 to 4 hours after application. The patch is worn 22 to 24 hours daily for 6 to 8 weeks.	1 Testosterone transdermal systems
1 Testosterone transdermal systems examples 2 Transdermal testosterone application	1 Testoderm (Alza), Androderm (SmithKline Beecham) 2 applied daily, usually in the morning to mimic endogenous testosterone release.
Other transdermal therapeutic systems	Diltiazem Isosorbide dinitrate Propranolol Nifedipine Mepindolol Verapamil
Other transdermal therapeutic systems 1 for hormonal contraception 2 for Alzheimer’s disease therapy 3 for substance addiction 4 for anxiety 5 for smoking cessation 6 male impotence	1 levonorgestrel/estradiol 2 Physostigmine 3 Naltrexone and methadone 4 Buspirone 5 Bupropion 6 Papaverine
a dosage form that is suitable for delivering drugs to the skin. It consists of a drug that is impregnated into a flexible, durable woven fabric or extruded synthetic material that is coated with an adhesive agent. not designed to control the release rate of the drug-like transdermal patches drug content is expressed as an amount per surface area with respect to the tape surface exposed to the skin. use of an occlusive dressing over the tape enhances the rate and extent of delivery of the drug to deeper layers of the skin and may result in greater systemic absorption of the drug. a portion of the tape slightly larger than the area to be treated is cut and removed from the backing paper.	Tapes