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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Are Microorganisms that thrive in acidic environments where ph level is less than 3	Acidophile
relatively short term severe illness caused by a organism	acute infection
an organism (such as a bacterium) that lives only in the presence of oxygen	Aerobe
Cause clumping	Agglutination
widespread inhabitants of fresh and marine water	Algae
An organism that does not require oxygen for growth	Anaerobic
are highly specific immune chemicals released by the body to attack certain antigens that are seen as foreign by the immune system	Antibody
a substance that provokes an immune response in specific lymphocytes	Antigen
Process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganism	Antisepsis
is a method of handling bacterial cultures that prevents the introduction of unwanted organisms into the environment and/or into the culture being handled	aseptic(free of contamination) technique
plant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substances	autotroph
rod-shaped bacterium that is characterized by its elongated, cylindrical shape. Bacilli can be found in a variety of environments, including soil, water, and the human body.	bacilli
a virus that is parasitic (reproduces itself) in bacteria	bacteriophage
antibiotics inhibit growth and reproductions of bacteria without killing them or agents prevent the growth of bacteria.. (keeps them in the stationary phase of growth)	Bacteriostatic
heat from swelling	Calor
Protein shell of a virus	Capsid
Chemotaxis	Movement in response to chemical signals
a discrete mound or group of cell of cells formed on solid nutrient surface	colony
compete for the site on the enzyme where folate would bind	competitive inhibition
form of genetic exchange between two cells	conjugation
Microbiological contamination refers to the accidental introduction of infectious material like bacteria, yeast, mold, fungi	contamination
- dormant, resting stage, formed when conditions become unfavorable for growth and feeding, important factor in spread of disease	cyst
is an organism, such as a bacterium or fungus, that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter	decomposers
- take away or alter the natural qualities of	denature
a staining procedure using more than one dye	differential stain
passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient from high to low concentration	Diffusion
some fungi can take either form	Dimorphic-
eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganism on inanimate objects	Disinfection
Pain	Dolor
(of a disease) regularly occurring within an area or community	endemic
the takin in or matter by a living cell by imagination of its membrane to form a vacuole	Endocytosis
-are formed by bacteria to enable them to survive harsh conditions	endospore
- only released when cell dies . comes from within the bacterial cell	endotoxin
contains complex organic substance(i.e. Blood, serum) that fastidious bacteria require for growth	enriched media
-when the newly reported cases are higher than normal	epidemic
are organisms with cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with complex structures, including a cytoskeleton and multiple linear chromosomes. They can be unicellular or multicellular, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.	eukaryote
organism that thrives in extreme environments under high pressure and temperature	extremophile
can grow with or without oxygen	facultative anaerobe
refers to microorganisms that have complex nutritional requirements and are difficult to grow in laboratory conditions. These organisms may require specific growth factors, certain pH levels, or a particular temperature range to survive and thrive	fastidious
inanimate objects that harbor microorganisms	Fomite-
- a unit of heredity that is transferred from parent to offspring and its held to determine some characteristic	gene
a haploid set of chromosome in a gamete or microorganism or in each cell of a multicellular organism	genome
is a salt requiring organism able to grow n a medium containing a salt (saline)concentration high enough to inhibit the growth of other organisms	halophiles
are a diverse group of parasitic worms that can infect humans and animals. They include roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, and other species.	Helminth
an organism getting its nutritional requirements from eating other plants or animals(organic substance)	Heterotroph
long, threadlike cells found in filamentous fungi or molds	Hyphae
a number of new cases–same as morbidity	incidence rate-
sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein	intron
the beginning phase, Organism that do not increase significant in numbers but are metabolically active growing in size	lag phase
lying dormant or hidden until circumstances are suitable for development or manifestation.	latent
This phase of bacterial growth is exponential and we see increase population	log phase
freeze drying.. Not a method of sterilization of drying process where the solvent h20 is frozen then removed by sublimation	Lyophilization-
-----------are the structural and energy-giving caloric components of our foods that most of us are familiar with. They include carbohydrates, fats and proteins. -------- are the vitamins, minerals, trace elements, phytochemicals, and antioxidants that are essential for good health.	macro and micro
an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold	mesophile
an organism that can only be seen through a microscope	Microorganism
a container that holds two or more identified, easily differentiated species of microorganisms	mixed culture
being diseased or having a specific health condition. It is often used to describe the incidence or prevalence of a disease or health condition within a population.	mobility
being dead or the number of deaths that occur within a population. It is often used to describe the death rate associated with a particular disease or health condition	mortality
messenger, a transcript of a structural gene or genes in the DNA, synthesized in a process similar to synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication , composed of codons	MRNA
contains sequences of bases that form hydrogen bonds with complementary sections of the same trna strand, carries the amino acid to site of translation	Trna-
becomes part of the ribosome, ribosomes provides site for tRNA and mRNA to join an bond amino acids together, long polynucleotide molecule, formed complex three dimensional shapes that contribute to the structure and function of ribosomes, the interaction of rRNA and protein create the two subunits of the ribosome that engage in final translation of the genetic code	rRNA
occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that geNE	Mutation
redness	rubor
an organism that lives in and derives its nourishment from organic matter in no living or decayed matter	saprobe
the lowest amount of the drug that will be effective at stoping your infection.	MIC