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level: level 10

Questions and Answers List

level questions: level 10

Question	Answer
are clear, aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances (orange oil, rose oil, peppermint oil, anise oil, etc). used for perfuming and/or flavoring.	Aromatic Waters
are aqueous solutions prepared by diluting the corresponding concentrated acids with purified water. The strength is generally expressed on a percent weight-to-volume (% w/v) basis, that is, the weight in grams of solute per 100 mL of solution,	Diluted Acids
Determine the w/w percent 1 Concentrated sulfuric acid 2 Concentrated nitric acid 3 Concentrated phosphoric acid	. 1) 95-98% (w/w) 2) 69-71% (w/w) 3) 85-88% (w/w)
are ALCOHOLIC or HYDROALCOHOLIC solutions of VOLATILE substances. Because of the greater solubility of aromatic or volatile substances in alcohol than in water, they can contain a greater concentration of these materials than the corresponding aromatic waters. may be used pharmaceutically as flavoring agents and medicinally for the therapeutic value of the aromatic solute. be used pharmaceutically as flavoring agents and medicinally for the therapeutic value of the aromatic solute. For medicinal purposes, may be taken orally, applied externally, or used by inhalation, depending upon the particular preparation. When taken orally, they are generally mixed with a portion of water to reduce the pungency.	Spirits
Spirit alcoholic concentration	60%
Spirits may be prepared by	1 Simple solution 2 Solution by maceration 3 Distillation
are alcoholic or oleaginous solutions or emulsions of various medicinal substances intended to be rubbed on the skin. are useful when rubefacient, counterirritant, or penetrating action is desired; are employed primarily when massage is desired. Non aqueous	Liniments
All liniments should bear a label indicating that they are suitable only for external use and must never be taken internally. Shake well label TRUE OR FALSE	TRUE
IN, Oleaginous liniments The solvent may be fixed oil such as	almond oil peanut oil sesame oil cottonseed oil volatile substance such as winter-green oil or turpentine
are liquid preparations composed of PYROXYLIN dissolved in a solvent mixture usually composed of alcohol and ether with or without added medicinal substances. One part of pyroxylin is slowly but completely soluble in 25 parts of a mixture of 3 volumes of ether and 1 volume of alcohol. are intended for external use.	Collodions
1 prepared by adding 2% camphor and 3% castor oil to collodion. 2 The castor oil renders the product __, permitting its comfortable use over skin areas that are normally moved, such as fingers and toes. 2 The camphor makes the product __	1 Flexible collodion 2 flexible 3 waterproof
It is used for its KERATOLYTIC EFFECTS, especially in the removal of CORNS from the toes. The product should be applied one drop at a time on the corn or wart, allowing time to dry before the next drop is added.	Salicylic acid collodion
by withdrawal of desired constituents from crude drugs through the use of selected solvents in which the desired constituents are soluble. The Extraction Method for Preparing Solutions	Extraction ex. Tinctures, Fluidextracts, Extracts
Solvents in drug extraction	Water Hydroalcoholic mixtures Glycerin
The principal methods of drug extraction are __	maceration and percolation.
It is a process in which the properly comminuted drug is permitted to soak in the menstruum until the cellular structure is softened and penetrated by the menstruum and the soluble constituents are dissolved. Most efficient method of extraction for benzoin, aloe, and tolu usually conducted at a temperature of 15℃ to 20 ℃ for 3 days or until the soluble matter is dissolved.	Maceration Latin 'macerare' - to soak
It may be described generally as a process in which a comminuted drug is extracted of its soluble constituents by the slow passage of a suitable solvent through a column of the drug. The drug is packed in a special extraction apparatus termed a percolator, with the collected extractive called the percolate. Most drug extractions are performed by this	Percolation
1 Percolators employed in the large-scale industrial preparation of extractive are generally __ vessels that vary greatly in size and in operation. 2 Example preparations prepared by extraction processes	1 stainless steel or glasslined metal 2 Fluidextracts Extracts