| What elements make up proteins? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| What does chains of hundreds or thousands of amino acids make? | a protein |
| What do proteins make the structure of? | cells:cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membranes and enzymes |
| Proteins are an important part in ... | muscle, hair, fingernails, horns, antlers |
| What enables proteins to have different roles? | different shapes |
| What are the 2 types of protein? | structural and functional |
| structural protein | form part of a specific structure |
| functional protein | play an active part in something |
| examples of structural proteins | muscle, skin, bone, hair, antler, fur |
| examples of functional proteins | antibodies, enzymes, protein channels, receptors |
| What is a hormone? | chemical messengers that are produced in one part of the body and have their effect on another part |
| denatured | the shape of the active site of the enzyme changes so it is no longer complementary to its substrate |
| What happens if an enzyme is heated? | because it is a protein, heat will affect its structure - it will become denatured |
| What does an enzyme do? (energy) | lowers the activation energy required for a reaction |
| Optimum temperature | the temp at which there is highest enzyme activity |
| optimum pH of pepsin | around 2.5 |
