| Properties of Alkenes | -more reactive than alkanes
-from e/z isomers and cis-trans |
| alkenes have pi bonds what is a pi bond | a pi bond forms above and belove the plane of carbons by sideways overlap of p orbitals |
| SHAPE OF AN ALKENE | 120 degrees trigonal planar |
| What is stereoisomerism | same molecular formular and structural formula but have different arrangements of atoms in space |
| Rules for E/Z isomerism | c=c present
each carbon in bond must be attached to two different groups |
| E and Z MEANS | E- opposite Z(s) - same side |
| cis | same |
| How do you assign priority | by the highest atomic number by major
and the lower one of the two is minor |
| Addition of hydrogen | alkene + H2 ---> nickel catalyst = alkane |
| Addition of halogen | alkene + Br2 = alkane with 2 BROMINES ATTACHED |
| Addition of steam | alkene + H20(g) ----> alcohol |
| Addition of hydrogen halides | alkene + HBR --> Alkane with hydrogen and bromine attached |
| Something to be careful of with hydrogen halides added | makes a major and minor product |
| Markownioffs rule carbocation | staility increases on tertiary structure compared to primary so the more stable halogen attached is major |
| What is a polymer | a long molecular chain built up from monomer units |
| what is a monomer | small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form polymers |
| Thing to remember about addition polymers | remove double bond add arms that go out of square brackets |
