| if a compound has more OH's then it is | more soluble due to hydrogen bonding |
| Sigma bond are stronger or weaker than | stronger than Pi bonds |
| Chiral carbon | 4 different attachements |
| Ketone has to be where in carbon chain | middle |
| An acid hydrolysis caused | esters double bond to carboxylic acid
NH2 in amino to NH3+ |
| ALKALINE hydrolysis | ester linkage goes to 0- plus salt ion
NH2 - NH3 |
| Purification of a solid | Dissove compound in minimum amount of HOT soluvent
allow to cool and recrystalise
and then filter with reduced pressure
wash with cold soluvent to remove impurities |
| Purification of a liquid | Add a neutralysing agent to a separating funnel
organic layer on top , remove aqueous lYER
add a drying anhydrous agent |
| Test for alkene | bromine water . orange to colourless( decolourises) |
| Haloaklane chemical test | AGNO3 cl-white br-cream i - yellpw |
| Test for carbonyl | 24DNP orange precipitate |
| Aldehyde | Tollens reagent silver mirro |
| primary , secondary alcohols and aldehyde chemical test | K2CR207/ H+ orange to green |
| qwCarboxylic acid | sodium carbonate , effervencense |
| Complete combustion equation | fuel + o2 = CO2 + H20 |
| complete combustion hack | number of carbons in fuel is number of CO2 |
| incomplete combustion equation | fuel + o2 = CO + H20 |
| Branching leads to | more surface contact points so less energy required to break IMF |
| Si(CH3)4 | TMS |
| is phenol more electron dense than benzene | yes |
| if something is more electron dense then | more succeptable for an electrophille attack |
| Rate of hydrolysis depends | more reactive the halogen the longer hydrolysis as more energy needed |
| What does Cahn Ingold Prelog say | priority groups on opposite side of double bond |
| Is major product formed in the least or most quanity | most as more stable carbocation |
| Simarilities and Differences between Kekule and delocalised benzene | S- both have sidways p orbitals
D- Delocalised believe p orbitals above and below double bond
- |
| Evidence of delocalised model | carbon bonds all same length
does not decolourise in bromine water |
| Optical isomers | Tetrahedral
the 4 bonds around the chiral carbon |
| Multiple choice complete combustion | write Hydrogen in fuel to hydrogen in water ratio
then work out moles of water to ratio to moles of carbob
H20/fuel |
| Structural isomer | same molecular formula and different structural |
