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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
what are the four tenets of conservation biology being value laden and mission driven?-diversity of organisms is good -ecological complexity is good -facilitate evolution: vital for population -biotic diversity has intrinsic value
what are the four tenets of conservation biology being value laden and mission driven?-diversity of organisms is good -ecological complexity is good -facilitate evolution: vital for population -biotic diversity has intrinsic value
what was the significance of the US congress approving the bill for Yellowstone National Park?-natural heritage made accessible to everyone -uniquely democratic -the "greatest idea in American history"-emulated worldwide
what is the definition of conservation biology?a crisis discipline whose goal is to provide principles and tools for preserving biodiversity
what are the four ethical roots and foundations of conservation?-all living creatures possess intrinsic value -land ethics -physical environments and living organisms perform vital services that support ecosystems and human civilization -the physical environment and its creatures ass value and virtue to the experience of being human
why were early domestic livestock farms not needed?there was an abundance of wildlife to use for food
what is the name of the expedition that explored the Louisiana purchase?washburn expedition
why was the idea of yellowstone being preserved significant in the aspect of the economy at the time?there was a lot of revenue that could have been generated from things such as waterfalls(hydroelectric), bison(agriculture), and trees(timber)
when was the endangered species act passed?1969
who was john Muir?man of faith that created the sierra club. he asked the essential question in American conservation, "what is the best use of nature and natural resources?"
who was the creator of the model for nongovernmental conservation organizations?John Muir
what are the key aspects(4) of a nongovernmental conservation organization?-focused mission -political involvement -public disclosure -legislative disclosure
when does authentic conservation occur?when, resource use is < maximum sustainable rates; we forgo using some resources
what are the origins of conservation policy?-Muir created the model for nongovernmental conservation organizations (NGO's) -1873: congress approves "timber culture act" -1891: "forest preservation act" -development of resource conservation ethic -merger of academia and conservation -national wilderness preservation act -public environmental awareness emerges
why was the need for the timber culture act?was needed because of the misuse of timber companies by not replanting the land that they took from the federal/state government
why was the forest preservation act needed?it broke up industrial monopolies trying to claim natural resources as theirs; the act made it so that natural resources belonged to citizens
what is the main aspect of transcendental theory?its the ideal that all things have intrinsic value and that is their main use
what is the conservation resource ethic?the idea of sustainable use of resources while achieving maximum yield; ultimately that resources can be used respectful if done properly
what makes conservation biology different from other environmental and biology classes?-focuses on the study and preservation of the diversity of life -it is value laden and mission driven -advocacy oriented -crisis oriented -integrative and multidisciplinary -concerned with evolutionary time -an adaptive science -a legally empowered science
what are the four tenets of conservation biology being value laden and mission driven?-diversity of organisms is good -ecological complexity is good -facilitate evolution: vital for population -biotic diversity has intrinsic value
what has been the shift in conservation goals?instead of solving species loss its now solving biodiversity loss and safeguarding ecosystem services
what is biodiversity?the structural and functional variety of life forms at: genetic, population, community, ecosystem levels
what is the problem with the phylogenetic species idea?-it would cause 50% more species to exist phylogenetically -the populations of species would be smaller -10% of these species would move from vulnerable to endangered
what are the 3 ways diversity is measured?-alpha -beta -gamma
what are the 2 main components of alpha diversity?species richness and evenness
what is species richness?the presence or absence of species
what are the advantages of using species richness?easy to collect; measure presence/absence; easy to present and compare with similar sites
what is evenness?the similarity of abundance
what does low evenness of a species mean?that another species is more abundant
what does evenness require to calculate?the number of individuals of each species
what techniques can be used to quantify alpha diversity?the shannon weiner technique and the simpson technique
what is beta diversity?measures the rate of change in species composition of communities across a landscape
what is wittaker's measure equation?S/a - 1=
what equation does beta diversity use?Wittaker's measure
what does beta diversity evaluate?if species are lost/gained due to site age, disturbance, or gives insight into successional chanage
what is gamma diversity?the diversity of species across larger landscape levels; the rate at which additional species are encountered as you encounter the same habitat at greater geographic distances