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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
a general term for agents that bind to cholinoceptors (muscarinic or nicotinic) and prevent the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and other cholinergic agonists	Cholinoceptor Antagonists
also known as antimuscarinic agents or parasympatholytics selective blockers of muscarinic receptors most useful	Anticholinergic Agents
the prototype of antimuscarinic drugs also called HYOSCYAMINE found in the plant Atropa belladona (deadly nightshade), and Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed/ Jamestown weed; sacred Datura or thorn apple) used to dilate pupils cosmetically and account for the name belladonna (Italian, "beautiful lady")	ATROPINE
ATROPINE: actions last about __ except when placed topically in the eye, where the action may last for __	4 hours, days
results in loss of ability to accommodate; the fully atropinized eye cannot focus for near vision	cycloplegia
Atropine is contraindicated in __	1 Glaucoma 2 Prostatic Hyperplasia
Atropine can cause __ to Infants at ordinary doses	ATROPINE FEVER
Enlarged Prostate	Prostatic Hyperplasia
ANTIDOTE for Atropine Toxicity	Low doses of cholinesterase inhibitors: PHYSOSTIGMINE
• Hyoscine • from Hyoscyamus niger or henbane • has greater action on the CNS compared to atropine • one of the most effective ANTI-MOTION SICKNESS drug • short-term memory block • can cause sedation • causes excitement at higher doses • may produce euphoria and is susceptible to abuse	SCOPOLAMINE
Therapeutic Uses of SCOPOLAMINE	TOPICAL PATCH 3 DAYS for Motion sickness For Postoperative nausea & vomiting
a synthetic analog of atropine, is used as inhalational drug in asthma & COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Drug for Respiratory Disorders	Ipratropium
has longer bronchodilator action and can be given once daily anticholinergic Drug for Respiratory Disorders	Tiotropium