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level: Level 3

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 3

Question	Answer
Smooth muscles --> relaxation; inhibits further release of NE (presynaptic receptor)	ALPHA 2 AGONISTS - CLONIDINE - METHYLDOPA etc
- CA: Hypertension; MINIMIZES WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS accompanied in opiates, tobacco smoking & benzodiazepines - S/E: DRY MOUTH, sedation, lethargy, constipation, rebound hypertension (Clonidine withdrawal induced hypertension) ALPHA 2 AGONISTS	CLONIDINE - Catapres®
- CA: management of HYPERTENSION in PREGNANCY - S/E: sedation, hepatoxicity (high doses) ALPHA 2 AGONISTS	METHYLDOPA - Aldomet®
indicated for SEDATION of initially INTUBATED and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in an intensive care setting; REDUCES requirement for OPIOIDS in pain control ALPHA 2 AGONIST	Dexmedetomidine
muscle relaxant ALPHA 2 AGONIST	Tizanidine (Zanaflex®)
used in glaucoma to reduce Intra Ocular Pressure ALPHA 2 AGONIST	Apraclonidine (Lopidine®) & Brimonidine (Alphagan®)
used as TOPICAL DECONGESTANT because of their ability to promote constriction of the nasal mucosa; and relieves EYE REDNESS prolonged use may cause REBOUND congestion and dependence	Xylometazoline (Otrivin®) & Oxymetazoline (Drixine® & Visine LR®)
Heart & Kidney --> excitation; positive inotropic effect; positive chronotropic effect (tachycardia)	Beta 1 Agonists - DOBUTAMINE - DOPAMINE -
- Effect: Positive inotropic effect - CA: Cardiogenic shock, Acute heart failure - Caution: can increase AV CONDUCTION in patients with atrial fibrillation; causes TOLERANCE Beta 1 Agonist	DOBUTAMINE - Dobutrex®
protects the kidney Beta 1 Agonist	DOPAMINE
Bronchioles & GIT --> bronchodilation - uterine relaxants - can be used in premature labor contraction - Ex: Terbutaline and Ritodrine	BETA 2 AGONISTS - ALBUTEROL - SALMETEROL AND FORMOTEROL
- Effect: BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE DILATION - CA: ASTHMA - Toxicity: Tremor and tachycardia BETA 2 AGONISTS	ALBUTEROL - Salbutamol®
- CA: NOCTURNAL ASTHMA - Increases the risk of asthma-related deaths BETA 2 AGONISTS	SALMETEROL AND FORMOTEROL