| Describe the process of making recombinant DNA | 1. Isolation of DNA and cutting of DNA (restriction enzymes)
2. Insertion of DNA fragment (plasmid vector)
3. Joining of DNA (DNA ligase)
4. Amplification of recombinant DNA (bacterial transformation) |
| Explain the purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). | To amplify a segment of DNA, producing numerous copies of the target DNA sequence for various applications such as DNA sequencing, genetic testing, and research analysis. |
| Explain the purpose of gel electrophoresis. | To separate and analyse DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge, allowing for the study of genetic variations, identification of biomarkers, or detection of specific molecules. |
| Define 'restriction enzymes' | Enzymes that recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave the DNA at,or near those sequences. |
| Define a 'plasmid vector' | A small, circular DNA molecule used in molecular biology to carry and transfer foreign DNA into host cells for various applications, such as gene cloning or gene expression studies. |
| Define 'DNA ligase' | An enzyme that assists in DNA replication and repair, by catalysing the joining of DNA fragments or sealing in the DNA backbone. |
