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level: Level 7 - POWDERS

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POWDERS

level questions: Level 7 - POWDERS

QuestionAnswer
A dosage form composed of a solid or mixture of solids reduced to finely divided state and intended for internal or external use. are subdivided solids which are classified according to the size of their constituent particles which range from <1.25 micrometer to 1.7mmPowders
Classification of Powders:1.Bulk powders 2.Divided powders 3.Dusting powders 4.Insufflations BIDD
is the ability of powder to flow in a desired manner in a specific piece of equipment.Powder flowability
Flow of powders may be: __1 Free flowing 2 Non-flowing or cohesive
POWDER Flow Patterns:1 Funnel Flow 2 Mass Flow FM
Measurement of flow property:1 Powder Rheometer 2 Angle Of Repose 3 Carr's Index & Hausner's ratio 4 Penetrometry PACP
It is useful only for free flowing powders. The forces causing deformation of powders is measured here. this gives measurement of: Flow energy Shear properties Bulk propertiesPOWDER RHEOMETER
the simplest method to express the flowability of powders. The angle of the heaped cone of a free standing powder is the angle of repose. It is the internal angle between the surface of the pile and height of the pile. It depends upon: DENSITY SURFACE AREA SHAPE OF THE PARTICLES THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF MATERIALANGLE OF REPOSE
ANGLE OF REPOSE has inverse relationship with __ and __ The higher the angle of repose is, the lower the __ and higher the __1 flowability, bulk density 2 flowability, bulk density
Measurement of free flowing powder by compressibility A volume of powder is filled into a graduated cylinder and it is repeatedly tapped for known duration of time. The volume of powder is then measured after tapping.CARR'S INDEX
related to interparticle friction. Value less than 1.25 indicates good flow (=20% Carr). Value greater than 1.5 indicates poor flow (33% Carr's Compressibility Index). Between 1.25 and 1.5 added glidant normally improves flow. > 1.5 added glidant doesn't improve flow.HAUSNER'S RATIO
The pressure of penetration in pascal was used to estimate flow rate. Particle size should be in the range of: 0.250-0.630 mm Especially used for non-consolidated pharmaceutical powder excipients such as Sodium chloride, Sodium citrate,Boric acid and SorbitolPENETROMETRY