| How is the formula of an ionic compound determined | Formula of an ionic compound is determined by charges on each of the ions present |
| What are the roman numerals after ions called? | Oxidation number |
| What are the rules for deducing oxidation numbers? (3) | - Metal ions in group 1 to 3, the oxidation numbers are equal to the positive charge on the ion
- Simple negative ions have oxidation number which are the same as the charge of the ion
- Transition elements, oxidation numbers vary |
| What are compound ions? | Ions that contain more than one type of atom |
| What is the formula for ammonium? | ........+
NH
.....4 |
| What is the formula for carbonate | .......2-
CO
.....3 |
| What is the formula for hydrogencarbonate? | ..........-
HCO
........3 |
| What is the formula for Hydroxide | OH^- |
| What is the formula for Nitrate? | ...... -
NO
.......3 |
| What is the formula of phosphate? | .....3-
PO
.....4 |
| What is the formula of sulfate | .......2-
So
....4 |
| What is the formula of zinc ? | Zn^2+ |
| What is the formula of silver? | Ag^+ |
| Compounds containing a (1) ion and (2) ion are named by changing the end of the name of the non-metal element to '-ide'. | 1. Simple metal ion
2. Non-metal ion |
| Name of compounds ions containing (?) often end in '-ate' | Oxygen |
| When balancing chemical equations remember: (3) | 1. Do not change any of the formulae
2. The numbers used to balance are put in front of the formulae
3. In equations involving combustion reactions of organic compounds, balance the carbon first and then the hydrogen. Balance the oxygen last. |
| What are the steps to follow when balancing chemical equations? (3) | 1. Write the formulae of the reactants and products
2. Count number of atoms in each reactant and products
3. Balance the atoms one at a time until all the atoms are balanced |
| Ions that play no part in reaction are called? | Spectator ions |
| What is meant by concentration of a solution? | Concentration of a solution is the amount of solute dissolved to make 1dm^3 (one cubic decimeter ) of a solution. |
| What is the formula used to calculate concentration (mol dm^-3) | Number of moles of solute (mol)
.......................................................
Volume of solution (dm^3) |
| How do we calculate the mass of a substance present in a solution of known concentration and volume. (With formulas ) | - Rearrange the concentration equation to:
number of moles (mol) = concentration (mol dm^-3 ) x volume (dm^3)
-Multiply the moles of solute by its molar mass
mass of solute (g) = number of moles (mol) x molar mass(g mol^-1 ) |
| What is tritration often used for? | Titration is often used to find exact concentration of a solution |
| Explain Avogadro's Hypothesis | Suggested that equal volumes of all gases contain same number of molecules |
| What is room temperature ? | 20*C |
| What can we use molar gas volumes of 24.0dm^3 at r.t.p. to find | - Volumes of a given mass or number of moles of gas
- Mass or number of moles of a given volume of gas |
