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Index
»
BIOPHARMACEUTICS
»
Chapter 1
»
Not Retained
level: Not Retained
Questions and Answers List
level questions: Not Retained
Question
Answer
is the MODALITY of drug administration that is chosen to reach the therapeutic objective. This depends on the drug used, the condition to be treated, and the patient’s characteristics. Characterization of drug disposition is an important prerequisite for determination or modification of __ for individuals and group of patients.
dosing regimens
The description of DRUG DISTRIBUTION and ELIMINATION is often termed
drug disposition
API + PA (excipients) will affect __
the final drug product’s performance
defined as the release of the drug substance from the drug product either for local drug action or for drug absorption into the plasma for systemic therapeutic activity. (Disposition)
Drug Product Performance
involves measuring plasma antibiotic concentrations at a specific time in a dosing regimen and dosing in special populations - To individualize dosing
dose optimization
PK is also applied to __ for VERY POTENT DRUGS such as those with a NARROW therapeutic range, in order to optimize efficacy and to prevent any adverse toxicity.
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
serves as an important DIAGNOSTIC TOOL in the clinical evaluation of patients treated with critical-dose drugs
drug concentration monitoring
indicates past drug exposures as it contain drug metabolites ex. heroin
Hair samples
It is generated by obtaining the drug concentration in plasma samples taken at VARIOUS TIME INTERVALS after a drug product is administered.
Plasma drug concentrations - Time Curve
The duration of action of a drug is known as its __. This is the period of time required for the concentration or amount of drug in the body to be reduced by one-half. We usually consider the half life of a drug in relation to the amount of the drug in plasma. A drug's plasma __ depends on how quickly the drug is eliminated from the plasma
half life
The MAXIMUM and MINIMUM drug concentrations achieved during repeated dosing cycles
Peak and trough concentrations
is the difference between the ONSET TIME and the time for the drug to decline back to MEC
Duration of drug action
relates to the amount of drug absorbed systematically
AUC
the difference between PEAK DRUG concentration and MEC
Intensity of pharmacologic effect
is related to the dose, the rate constant for absorption, and the elimination constant of the drug.
Peak plasma level (Cmax)