You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

level: Level 1 of PRESCRIBING AND RATIONAL DRUG USE

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of PRESCRIBING AND RATIONAL DRUG USE

Question	Answer
is to authorize by means of a written prescription the supply of a medicine It incorporates decision making one of the most common interventions in health care used to treat patients.	prescribing
The prescriber should have these 4 aims:	1. Maximize effectiveness 2. Minimize risks 3. Minimize costs 4. Respect the patient’s choices
Framework to support rational prescribing decisions. STEPS:	■ Safety ■ Tolerability ■ Effectiveness ■ Price ■ Simplicity
Inappropriate or irrational prescribing. can result to serious morbidity and mortality	■ Poor choice of medicine ■ Polypharmacy or co-prescribing of interacting medicine ■ Prescribing for a self-limiting condition ■ Continuing to prescribe for a longer period than needed ■ Prescribing too low a dose of a medicine ■ Prescribing without taking account of the patient’s wishes.
requires that: – patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, – in doses that meet their own individual requirements – for an adequate period of time, and – at the lowest cost to them and their community.	Rational Drug Use (RDU)
Many Factors Influence Use of Medicines	1 Policy, Legal and Regulatory framework 2 Patient & community 3 Drug Supply System 4 Prescriber, Dispenser & their workplaces
Diagnosis: Aspects that lead to Irrational Drug Use	■ Inadequate examination of patient ■ Incomplete communication between patient and doctor ■ Lack of documented medical history ■ Inadequate laboratory resources
Prescription: Types of Irrational Drug Use	■ Under-prescribing ■ Incorrect prescribing ■ Extravagant prescribing ■ Over-prescribing ■ Multiple prescribing
Dispensing: Types of Irrational Drug Use	■ Incorrect interpretation of the prescription ■ Retrieval of wrong ingredients ■ Inaccurate counting, compounding, or pouring ■ Inadequate labeling ■ Unsanitary procedures ■ Packaging
1 The act or quality of sticking to something; steady devotion; the act of adhering  The acceptance of an active role in ones health care 2 the act of yielding conforming, or acquiescing	1 Adherence 2 Compliance
- allows pharmacists and nurses to prescribe, and was extended to allow optometrists, podiatrists, physiotherapists.. this is in partnership with the independent prescribers which are the doctors or dentist	Supplementary prescribing
ACCOUNTABILITY- It covers the 3 aspects	1. the law 2. the statutory professional body 3. and the employer
Ethical framework	I. Autonomy II. Non-maleficence III. Beneficence IV. Justice and Veracity
it recognizes individual patient’s right to selfdetermination in making judgements and decisions for themselves and encompasses informed patient consent.	Autonomy
1 not causing harm to the patient as expressed in the Hippocratic Oath. 2 the principle of doing good and the obligation to act for the benefit of others that is set out in the code of conducts. Ex. Pharmacist’s Code of Ethics	1 Non-maleficence 2 Beneficence
relates to the distribution of resources that ensure equity and fairness	Justice and Veracity