| In what group is Nitrogen | Group 15 |
| Is Nitrogen a metallic or non-metallic element | non-metallic elements |
| What percentage does Nitrogen gas make up the Earth's atmosphere? | 78% |
| What is the electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom | 1s² 2s² 2p³ |
| How does Nitrogen atoms gain 3 electrons to achieve the noble gas configuration of neon? | Nitrogen atoms do this by forming a triple covalent bond between two N atoms |
| The complete oxidation of the nitrogen gas takes place in 3 steps: | Step1: Lighting provides the high activation energy needed for the oxidation of the unreactive nitrogen gas to forms nitrogen(II) oxide
Step2:Nitrogen(IV) oxide dissolves in water droplets in the air, and react with more oxygen, to form a dilute solution of nitric acid. The dilute acid falls to the Earth in rain.
Step 3: The sequece of reactions in the atmosphere forms part of the natural nitrogen cycle. In this way, nitrogen from unreactive, insoluble nitrogen gas can get into the soil in a soluble form that plants can absorb |
| How do we test for ammonia gas | Use damp red litmus paper. THe litmus paper will turn blue in the alkaline gas |
| What is the formula for ammonium ion | NH₃(aq) + H⁺ (aq) → NH₄⁺(aq) |
| Oxidation of nitrogen takes place at the high temperatures inside a car engine. How? | In the engine a mixture of air and fuel is compressed and ignited by a spark. Under this high pressure and high temperatures, nitrogen can form nitrogen oxides |
| What are 2 things caused by Nitrogen oxide | 1. Acid rain
2. Photochemical smog |
| Why are other pollutants called secondary pollutants | Because they are not given off directly from human activity |
| What is a example of primary pollutants and why. | Nitrogen oxides are examples of primary pollutant as they are given off directly into the are from the source of pollution |
| Other primary pollutants in exhaust fumes are ..... These are largely unburnt ... from fuel, and their oxidised products. The VOCs can react in ....... with oxides of nitrogen to make peroxyacetyl nitrate (also called PAN). Its chemical formula can be written as ........ Sunlight provides the energy needed to start the reactions off in the atmosphere, so we call them ......... | 1. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
2. Hydrocarbons
3. Sunlight
4.CH₃CO₃NO₂
5. Photochemical reactions |
| PAN is one of the harmful pollutants found in............ . | Photochemical smog |
