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level: STD; CONGENITAL AND DEFORMITY

Questions and Answers List

level questions: STD; CONGENITAL AND DEFORMITY

Question	Answer
Sexually transmitted HPVs also cause a major fraction of ____and approximately 25% of cancers of the mouth and upper throat (known as the oropharynx).	anal cancers
HPV: oropharynx cancer is usually present in the	tonsil area
HPV is linked to the increase in ____ in nonsmokers.	oral cancers
Engaging in _______ with an HPV-infected partner may increase the risk of developing these types of cancers	anal sex or oral sex
HPV TYPE: Common warts	3, 10
HPV TYPE: Plantar warts	1, 2, 4
HPV TYPE: Flat warts	3, 10
HPV TYPE: Anogenital warts	6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 55 and others
HPV TYPE: Genital cancers	16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, 82
HPV TYPE: Epidermodysplasia verruciformis	more than 15 types
HPV TYPE: Focal epithelial hyperplasia (oral)	13, 32
HPV TYPE: Oral papillomas	6, 7, 11, 16, 32,18
Several types of HPV, particularly type __, have been found to be associated with oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma, a form of head and neck cancer	16
Oral squamous papillomas may be found on the vermillion portion of the lips, hard and soft palate and uvula; Solitary and generally asymptomatic	HPV
Lesion measures less than 1cm in greatest dimension, appears pink to white exophytic granular or cauliflowerlike surface alteration.	HPV
HPV Treatments for Tissue Changes: Watch and wait. Sometimes the cell changes -- called ____________ -- will heal on their own	cervical dysplasia, precancerous cell changes, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
HPV treatments:	cryotherapy, conization, Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure
HPV treatments: This involves freezing the abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen.	Cryotherapy
HPV treatments: This procedure, also known as a cone biopsy, removes the abnormal areas.	Conization
HPV treatments: The abnormal cells are removed with a painless electrical current	LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure
is a cancerous tumor of the connective tissue, and is often associated with AIDS	KAPOSIS SARCOMA
It causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat or in other organs.	KAPOSIS SARCOMA
The patches are usually red or purple and are made of cancer cells and blood cells.	KAPOSIS SARCOMA
The red and purple patches often cause no symptoms, though they may be painful.	KAPOSIS SARCOMA
KAPOSIS SARCOMA:If the cancer spreads to the digestive tract or lungs, ____can result.	bleeding
KAPOSIS SARCOMA:Lung tumors can make ____	breathing hard
In people with AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by an interaction between ________,_________,_______.	HIV, a weakened immune system, and the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)
Occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma has been linked to the spread of HIV and HHV-8 through ____	sexual activity
People who have ______are also at risk for Kaposi's sarcoma	kidney transplants
African Kaposi's sarcoma is fairly common in ______ living near the equator. One form is also common in young African children	young adult males
KAPOSIS SARCOMA:Treatment decisions depend on the extent and location of the lesions, as well as the person's symptoms and degree of ______.	immunosuppression
KAPOSIS SARCOMA:_____ against the AIDS virus can shrink the lesions	Antiviral therapy
KAPOSIS SARCOMA treatment:	Radiation therapy or cryotherapy, chemotherapy
KAPOSIS SARCOMA treatment:can be used for lesions in certain areas.	Radiation therapy or cryotherapy
KAPOSIS SARCOMA treatment:may also be used. However, lesions may return after treatment.	Combination chemotherapy
True or False: Treatment and remission of Kaposi's sarcoma does not improve the chances of survival from AIDS itself. The outlook depends on the immune status and HIV viral load of the patient.	TRUE
Kaposi's sarcoma can involve the lungs and cause significant symptoms, including cough and shortness of breath. This diagnosis is made by a ___________. The tumors can return even after apparently successful treatment.	CT scan of the chest and a bronchoscopy
Kaposi's sarcoma can be fatal for a person with ____.	AIDS
An aggressive form of African Kaposi's sarcoma can spread quickly to the ___.	bones
Another form found in African children does not affect the skin. Instead, it spreads through the _____, and can quickly become fatal	lymph nodes and vital organs
KAPOSIS SARCOMA: prevention	Safe sexual practices
Is a malignant tumor of melanocytes which are found predominantly in skin but also in the bowel and the eye	MELANOMA
It is due to uncontrolled growth of pigment cells, called melanocytes.	MELANOMA
_____ is the most serious type of skin cancer.	MELANOMA
Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the__, __, ___, ____of a mole.	size, shape, color or feel
Most melanomas have a _____ area.	black or blackblue
____may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal or "ugly looking.	MELANOMA
A popular method for remembering the signs and symptoms of melanoma is the mnemonic?	Asymmetrical skin lesion Border of the lesion is irregular Color: melanomas usually have multiple colors. Diameter: moles greater than 6 mm are more likely to be melanomas than smaller moles.
_____melanomas are usually darkish brown to black in color, but melanotic lesions have also been reported. Most oral melanomas present as solitary lesions, however, multiple or synchronous lesions have also been reported	Intraoral
Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare condition, accounting for about ___ of all melanomas.	1-2%
Oral melanomas have extremely ____ prognosis. Therefore, pigmented lesions of undetermined origin should be routinely biopsied	poor
Melanoma treatment: first choice therapy for localized cutaneous melanoma.	Surgery
prevention of melanoma	Minimizing exposure to sources of ultraviolet radiation (the sun and sunbeds). Following sun protection measures Wearing sun protective clothing