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level: Level 12 - ANTIFUNGAL

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 12 - ANTIFUNGAL

Question	Answer
○ These contain mannose. ○ one of the triggers to the complement pathway. ○ enables our immune system to help clear the fungi	Glycoproteins
Beta-glucans TYPES	1) beta 1,3 glucans 2) beta 1,6 glucans
an analog to cholesterol Its inside the phospholipid bilayer helps regulate the fluidity of the membrane	Ergosterol
ANTI-FUNGAL AGENTS	1)Echinocandins 2) Polyenes 3) Azoles 4) 5-flucytosine (5-FC)
block beta-glucan formation by glucan synthesis. ○ All end with “-fungin” inhibit the formation of beta-glucans which make the cell wall of fungi Works in candida and Aspergillus DO NOT WORK IN DIMORPHIC FUNGI.	Echinocandins ex. caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin.
block ergosterol activity have the broadest range cause a big pore to form in the membrane sometimes can also bind to cholesterol and that can lead to MAMMALIAN TOXICITY do NOT WORK on ASPERGILLUS TERREUS	Polyenes
- block ergosterol synthesis - inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol. do NOT WORK on CANDIDA GLABRATA	Azoles drugs ends “-azole” ex. fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole
is ineffective in Candida krusei and mold.	Fluconazole
Converted to 5-FU (fluorouracil), pyrimidine analog and inhibits DNA synthesis inside the cell. CAUSES MYELOSUPPRESSION. Works in all yeast, but THERE IS RESISTANCE. Doesn’t work in molds or dimorphic. ● Smaller range.	5-flucytosine (5-FC)
CATEGORIES OF FUNGI	1. Yeast 2. Molds 3. Dimorphic
● unicellular organism ● Examples: Candida and Cryptococcus	Yeast
● multicellular organisms ● they can get big enough so that they are macroscopic, you can see without a microscope. ● Examples: ○ Aspergillus ○ Zygomycetes ○ Fusarium	Molds
can switch between being a yeast and a mold. ● Yeast- at room temperature ● Molds- at room temperature maybe 20-25 degrees. ● Examples: ○ Histoplasma ○ Blastomyces ○ Coccidioides ○ Paracoccidioides	Dimorphic