You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Sudden reduction in kidney function unable to filter nitrogen waste products from blood, “AZOTEMIA” . (Sr. creatinine, BUN) Decrease in GFR or tubular injury compromising the kidney ability to maintain fluid or electrolyte balance Onset: Develops over hours or days Hospitalized patients are at risk Can be fatal REVERSIBLE	ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
a condition in which you have too much nitrogen, creatinine and other waste products in your blood	“AZOTEMIA” AZO - Nitrogen EMIA - Blood
WHEN KIDNEY FUNCTION IS LOST:	1 Accumulation of creatinine, urea 2 Fluid overload (hypervolemia) 3 Hyperkalemia (K not excreted)
EPIDEMIOLOGY (ACUTE RENAL FAILURE) 1 __ million people are affected by Acute renal failure annually worldwide. 2 Manifests mainly in __ 3 __ are more commonly affected . 4 __% adults, __% children	. 1 greater than 13 million 2 older patients and in the intensive care unit. 3 Adults and women 4) 24%, 14%
Acute Renal Failure is defined by the following 1 __ within 48hrs 2 __ prior to 7 days 3 __ for 6 hours	1 Increase in SCR by >_ 0.3mg/dl within 48hrs 2 Increase in SCR >_ 1.5 times baseline prior to 7 days 3 Urine volume < 0.5 mg /kg/h for 6 hours
TYPES OF RENAL INJURY	1 Prerenal 2 Intrarenal 3 Postrenal
Most common cause of AKI/ARF. A sudden decreased blood flow to the kidneys leading to hypoperfusion/shock of renal parenchyma.	Prerenal
Prerenal happens due to	VOLUME DEPLETION 1 hemorrhage 2 dehydration 3 GI fluid losses DECREASE EFFECTIVE CIRCULATORY BLOOD VOLUME 1 decrease cardiac output (CHF, MI, hypotension ) 2 Pulmonary hypertension 3 Liver failure 4 Sepsis
“Intrinsic ”. DIRECT DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection or reduced blood supply.	Intrarenal
Intrarenal TYPES	1 Renal Vasculature Damage: 2 Glomerular Damage: 3 Tubular Damage: 4 Interstitial Damage:
This occurs when RENAL VESSELS, or ARE BLOCKED BY ATHEROEMBOLI OR THROMBOEMBOLI. The Inflammatory processes can also affect the smaller vessels, leading to microvascular damage dysfunction.	Renal Vasculature Damage:
Accounts for a SMALL PERCENTAGE OF INTRINSIC AKI CASES. It can occur due to similar mechanisms of damage observed in the renal vasculature, along with severe inflammatory processes specific to the glomerulus	Glomerular Damage
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF INTRINSIC AKI. It can be CAUSED BY RENAL ISCHEMIA OR EXPOSURE TO DIRECT TUBULE TOXINS. The tubules in the medulla of the kidney are particularly susceptible to ischemic injury	Tubular Damage:
A occurs when the RENAL INTERSTITIUM BECOMES SEVERELY INFLAMED AND EDEMATOUS. It can be caused by drugs, infections, or autoimmune diseases. DISCONTINUATION OF THE OFFENDING DRUG CAN OFTEN LEAD TO A RETURN OF NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION	Interstitial Damage:
“Obstructive" There is a SUDDEN OBSTRUCTION OF URINE FLOW. The urine refluxes into the renal pelvis, impairing kidney function.	Postrenal
Postrenal happens due to	kidney stones Benign prostatic hyperplasia prostate cancer Urethral obstruction Blood clot calculus