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level: SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS P2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS P2

QuestionAnswer
The most common salivary gland malignancy. It showcases a spectrum of behaviors, from indolent to aggressive, making early detection crucial. Originating from reserve cells in the salivary duct system, its diverse cell composition produces both mucin and keratinMucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Recognized for its unique clinical and histomorphologic aspects. Emerging from proximal salivary duct reserve cells, it distinguishes itself with myoepithelialdifferentiated cells and a relatively indolent course compared to its counterparts.Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma
takes center stage as a high-grade malignancy, challenging therapeutic measures with its unrelenting course. Composed of ducttype epithelial and myoepithelial cells, its fair 5-year survival rate contrasts sharply with a discouraging 15-year survival rate.Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
introduces a unique challenge with areas of clear cytoplasm, often a result of autolysis during poor fixation. Recognizing this feature becomes pivotal in accurate diagnosisClear Cell Carcinoma
prevalent in major salivary glands, may arise from intercalated duct reserve cells. While maintaining an understanding of its source is essential, there are indications that the acinic cell itself retains the potential for neoplastic transformationAcinic Cell Carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: MOST COMMON SITEPAROTID GLAND
Represents the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands; Most common salivary gland malignancy of childhoodMucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma:Prolonged period of painless enlargementLOW GRADE TUMOR
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma:Resembles extravasation or retention- type mucocele (w/in oral cavity)LOW GRADE TUMOR
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma:Rapid growing; Pain and mucosal ulcerationHIGH GRADE TUMOR
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma:Facial nerve involvement or obstructive signs in major salivary gland; Facial nerve involvement or obstructive signs in major salivary glandHIGH GRADE TUMOR
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: tx low gradeSurgery
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma:tx high gradeSurgery and postoperative radiotherapy
Second most common malignant malignant salivary gland tumor accounting for 26% of all salivary carcinomasPOLYMORPHOUS LOW GRADE ADENOCARCINOMA
Parotid gland- Arising out of malignant transformation of a pleomorphic adenomaPOLYMORPHOUS LOW GRADE ADENOCARCINOMA
Firm, elevated, nonulcerated nodular swelling; Size: between 1 and 4 cm in diameterPOLYMORPHOUS LOW GRADE ADENOCARCINOMA
Painless mass that may have been present for a long time with slow growth rate; Associated with bleeding, discomfort, telangiectasia, ulceration occasionallyPOLYMORPHOUS LOW GRADE ADENOCARCINOMA
POLYMORPHOUS LOW GRADE ADENOCARCINOMA: txWide surgical excision
uncommon type of cancer that usually develops in the salivary glands or other areas of the head and neck. Sometimes it can form in other parts of the body, including your skin, breast tissue, cervix or prostate gland.; may be solid, round and hollow or they may have holes in them.ADENOMATOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
Clinical Features: Salivary gland (produces saliva) – painless lump in the mouth, face or neck; numbness in the face; weakness in facial muscles (drooping in the face); problems swallowing or opening mouthADENOMATOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
Clinical Features: Lacrimal gland (produces tears) – bulging eye; changes in visionADENOMATOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
Clinical Features: Larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) – hoarseness; changes in speech; difficulty breathingADENOMATOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
Clinical Features: Skin – pain; increased sensitivity; pus and/or blood dischargeADENOMATOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
ADENOMATOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA: txsurgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy
renal cortical tumor typically characterized by malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm and a compact-alveolar (nested) or acinar growth pattern interspersed with intricate, arborizing vasculature. A variable proportion of cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm may be present.CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA
This exhibit a clear cell changes that are the result of cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and myofilaments, respectively.CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA
lowgrade tumor that occurs predominantly in the minor salivary glands (80% of cases). Most present as submucosal masses in the palate, although other sites may be affected.CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA
CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA: other namehyalinizing clear cell carcinoma
CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA:txsurgery and immunotherapy
proposed origin of _____is thought to be the intercalated duct reserve cell. However, there is also a suggestion that the cell itself may have the capacity for neoplastic transformation.ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA
Slow growing lesion smaller than 3 cm in diameter. • Rarely dedifferentiate into rapid growth, lymphovascular invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis with levels of clinical aggressivenessACINIC CELL CARCINOMA
Slow growing lesion smaller than 3 cm in diameter. • Rarely dedifferentiate into rapid growth, lymphovascular invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis with levels of clinical aggressivenessACINIC CELL CARCINOMA
ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA: txsurgery
Characterized by a malignant transformation of the epithelial component of a previously benign pleomorphic adenoma.CARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
More than 80% of cases of Carcinoma Ex-pleomorphic adenoma are seen in major glands, primarily the ____ glandParotid
irregular, lobulated, enhanced heterogeneous mass with uneven or partial uneven margins on conventional CT and MR imaging; Calcification within the neoplasm shown on CT may be regarded as a specific sign for indicating this malignancyCARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
CARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA: Shows malignant cells penetrating greater than 1.5mminvasive
CARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA: Shows extracapsular invasion that measures 1.5 mm or lessminimally invasice
CARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA: Small malignant focus within the center of an encapsulated pleomorphic adenoma.noninvasive
Invasive carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma: txwide excision, in junction with local lymph node dissection and adjunctive radiation therapy.
Minimally invasive and Non-invasive ex-pleomorphic adenoma carcinomasurgical resection and radiation
A rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma, characterized by spindled tumor cells that simulate a sarcoma but are epithelial in natureCARCINOSARCOMA
The lesions developed with the greatest frequency on the lower lip (42%), tongue (20%) and alveolar ridge or gingiva (19%) with the remainder scattered at other sitesCARCINOSARCOMA
The most common presenting findings were swelling, pain and the presence of a nonhealing ulcer.CARCINOSARCOMA
The initial lesion appeared either with a polypoid, exophytic or endophytic configuration.CARCINOSARCOMA
CARCINOSARCOMA: txSurgical removal of the tumor, with or without radical neck dissection
A histologically benign mixed tumor that for some reason metastasizes while still retaining its bland, benign histologic appearance.METASTASIZING MIXED TUMOR
Unknown cause ; Sometimes fast growing; Hard consistency; May ulcerate and invade bone;METASTASIZING MIXED TUMOR
Rounded masses with well-defined "bosselated" or "polylobulated" bordersMETASTASIZING MIXED TUMOR
METASTASIZING MIXED TUMOR: txSurgery; Radiation therapy; chemotherapy
A clear cell–containing malignancy of salivary gland (predominantly the major glands) origin characterized with a biphasic morphologyEPIMYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA
A lobular growth pattern is generally present that is composed of two cell types: abundant intercalated duct– like elements forming ducts surrounded by clear myoepithelial cellbiphasic morphology
It is seen in the seventh and eighth decades of life; 2:1 female predilection; Slow growing, painless; UnilateralEPIMYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA
Radiographic appearance: Multilocular outline; Irregular lobulated or multinodular lesion with ill-defined marginsEPIMYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA
Histopathologic features: Ductal cells and clear myoepithelial cells; Duct-like or globular structuresEPIMYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA
EPIMYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA: txSurgical resection; Parotidectomy
rare, typically high-grade malignant epithelial neoplasmSALIVARY DUCT CARCINOMA
Parotid swelling; Facial nerve dysfunction or paralysis occurs in over one-fourth of patientsSALIVARY DUCT CARCINOMA
High-grade variant: most aggressive types of salivary gland carcinomasSALIVARY DUCT CARCINOMA
SALIVARY DUCT CARCINOMA: txComplete local excision with radical neck dissection
Considered to be the malignant counterpart of basal cell adenoma, with a histologic resemblance to ductal carcinoma of the breastBASAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA
Painless mass or swelling in the affected gland ● Ulceration or bleeding from the lesion ● 50% recur locally; 15% metastasize to lymph nodes, rarely to lungsBASAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA
BASAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA: txSurgical treatment
etiology: metastasis of a cutaneous or mucosal squamous carcinoma ● irradiation to the major salivary glands ● obstructive sialadenitisSQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Prolonged period of painless enlargement ● resembles extravasation or retention ● type mucocele (w/in oral cavity)LOW GRADE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
rapid growing ● pain and mucosal ulceration; facial nerve involvement or obstructive signs in major salivary glands; central or intraosseous within maxilla / mandible and appears radiolucent within molar and premolarHIGH GRADE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: TXresection