| When a person's kidneys are not functioning, it is termed kidney failure. | Kidney Failure |
| What is kidney failure? | Kidney failure occurs when a person's kidneys are not working. |
| There are two main methods to treat kidney failure: organ transplant or dialysis. | Treatment Options for Kidney Failure |
| What are the two ways to treat kidney failure? | The two ways to treat kidney failure are organ transplant or dialysis. |
| A medical procedure involving the transfer of a functioning kidney from a donor to a patient. | Organ Transplant |
| What is an organ transplant in the context of kidney failure treatment? | An organ transplant is the transfer of a working kidney from a donor to a patient. |
| A person can maintain good health with only one working kidney. | Health with One Kidney |
| Can a person stay healthy with just one working kidney? | Yes, a person can stay healthy with just one working kidney. |
| Patients may have to wait a long time before a suitable donor kidney becomes available. | Waiting Time for Donor Kidney |
| What is a potential challenge of organ transplant in kidney failure treatment? | Patients may have to wait a long time before a suitable donor kidney is available. |
| The potential for the patient's body to reject and destroy the donor's kidney. | Risk of Rejection |
| What is the risk associated with organ transplant in kidney failure treatment? | There is a risk of the patient's body rejecting and destroying the donor's kidney. |
| Measures such as having a close family member as the donor and taking specific medicines can reduce the risk of organ rejection. | Reducing Rejection Risk |
| How can the risk of organ rejection be reduced? | The risk of rejection is reduced if the donor is a close family member, and certain medicines can also help, though they may have side effects. |
| One of the methods to treat kidney failure is dialysis. | Dialysis as Kidney Failure Treatment |
| What is one way to treat kidney failure besides organ transplant? | Dialysis is a method to treat kidney failure. |
| A dialysis machine can perform the functions of a kidney. | Function of a Dialysis Machine |
| What role does a dialysis machine play in treating kidney failure? | A dialysis machine can do the job of a kidney. |
| The process involves taking unfiltered blood from the patient's arm and passing it through a dialysis machine. | Dialysis Process |
| Describe the process of dialysis. | Dialysis involves taking unfiltered blood from the arm of a patient and passing it through a dialysis machine. |
| Dialysis fluid, which is in the machine, contains glucose and ions. | Components of Dialysis Fluid |
| What are the key components of dialysis fluid? | Dialysis fluid contains glucose and ions. |
| The blood and dialysis fluid are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. | Semi-Permeable Membrane in Dialysis |
| What separates the blood and dialysis fluid in the dialysis process? | The blood and dialysis fluid are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. |
| Some molecules can cross the semi-permeable membrane through diffusion. | Molecule Movement in Dialysis |
| How do molecules move across the semi-permeable membrane in dialysis? | Some molecules can cross the semi-permeable membrane through diffusion. |
| If the patient's blood has excess glucose and ions, they pass from the blood to the fluid, and vice versa if the blood is low in glucose and ions. | Adjustment of Glucose and Ions |
| How is the concentration of glucose and ions adjusted during dialysis? | If the patient's blood has extra glucose and ions, they pass from the blood to the fluid. If the blood is low in glucose and ions, they pass from the fluid to the blood. |
| Although dialysis fluid initially lacks urea, the patient's blood, high in urea concentration, allows urea to pass from the blood to the fluid. | Urea Removal in Dialysis |
| Dialysis can be beneficial for patients who cannot immediately undergo a kidney transplant. | Advantages of Dialysis |
| In what situations is dialysis advantageous for kidney failure patients? | Dialysis is helpful for patients who cannot receive a kidney transplant right away. |
| Dialysis machines are known for being expensive. | Cost of Dialysis Machines |
| What is a drawback associated with dialysis machines? | Dialysis machines are costly. |
| Dialysis can be inconvenient for patients due to its frequency and time requirements. | Inconvenience of Dialysis |
| Why is dialysis considered inconvenient for patients? | Patients undergoing dialysis must be treated regularly, at least 3 times a week, and be connected to the machine for extended periods. |
| Patients need to undergo dialysis treatment at least 3 times a week. | Frequency of Dialysis Treatment |
| How often do patients typically receive dialysis treatment? | Dialysis treatment is required at least 3 times a week. |
| Patients connected to the dialysis machine must spend hours at a time during each session. | Duration of Dialysis Sessions |
| How long are patients typically connected to the dialysis machine during a session? | Patients connected to the dialysis machine must spend hours at a time during each session. |
| Patients must adhere to a strict diet for dialysis to be effective. | Strict Diet for Dialysis |
| Why do patients undergoing dialysis need to follow a strict diet? | Following a strict diet is essential for the effectiveness of the dialysis treatment. |
| Dialysis presents both advantages, such as immediate treatment availability, and disadvantages, including cost, inconvenience, and dietary restrictions. | Balancing Advantages and Disadvantages |
| What is crucial when considering dialysis as a treatment option? | It's important to balance the advantages, such as immediate availability, with the disadvantages, including cost, inconvenience, and dietary restrictions, when considering dialysis as a treatment option. |
| The process by which the body breaks down proteins into amino acids during digestion. | Amino Acid Digestion |
| How does the body process proteins for utilization? | Proteins are broken down into amino acids through the process of amino acid digestion. |
| The liver regulates the amount of amino acids in the body. | Liver's Control of Amino Acids |
| Which organ is responsible for controlling the amount of amino acids in the body? | The liver controls the amount of amino acids in the body. |
| The liver converts excess amino acids into ammonia. | Conversion of Excess Amino Acids |
| What does the liver do with amino acids that the body doesn't need? | Excess amino acids are converted into ammonia by the liver. |
| The process by which the liver converts surplus amino acids into ammonia is known as deamination. | Deamination Process |
| What is the term for the liver converting unused amino acids into ammonia? | This process is known as deamination. |
| Ammonia is toxic to the body. | Toxicity of Ammonia |
| Why is it important for the body to handle excess ammonia carefully? | Ammonia is toxic to the body. |
| To prevent toxicity, the liver immediately converts ammonia into urea. | Conversion of Ammonia into Urea |
| How does the liver counteract the toxicity of ammonia? | The liver converts ammonia into urea to avoid poisoning the body. |
| Urea safely enters the blood. | Urea in the Blood |
| What happens to urea after the liver converts ammonia? | Urea safely enters the blood. |
| Urea leaves the body in urine after the kidneys filter the blood. | Removal of Urea through Kidneys |
| How is urea eliminated from the body? | Urea leaves the body in urine when the kidneys filter the blood. |
