| World Religion based on the Numbers | Christinaty:32%
Islam 25%
Hindu 15%
Unafillted 15%
Buddhism 6%
Folk Religion 5.8%
Judaism 0.2% |
| Hindu Historical Background | Sanskrit From Indus River
Those who lived in indus valley,later for those who weren’t christian or muslim
Oldest Religion to human kind
No originator
No Dateable begining
Aryan invader it existed they practiced t |
| Historic Period of Hinduism | Aryan Religion:Sacrifice
Vedic Era(veda and Upanishads):one reality
Upanishadic period:mediation and philosophy
Post Vedice Era:continuing growth of hinduism |
| How hindu got created from a hindu | 3,000 years ago
India
Collection
Maintained the highest spirituality for forming deeds and social norm
Attman four ways to get their |
| Hindu Creation? | Their is no single creation but periodics
Starts with a snake and vishnu sports brama with a flower,can’t tell him to do create the world,meditaion
The sacrum om splits lotus in 3 heaven,earth,sky
Brama wants more species male and female for sons,half man and women create a calf,horse |
| Key Characterics of Hinduism | Assimilation:the process of which one group takes on the religious culture of another group
Sycrentism:the blending of religious practices or cultures |
| Sacred Scripture | Shruti(heard):primary scripture,vedic scripture,dealing with cosmic and eternal principles
Smruti(rembember):the great epics such as ramayand and mahabharata,particula application of eternal principles |
| Vedas | Foundation scripture of hindu
Eternal truth from great Sages
Classigication of vedas:
Rig-general knowledge
Yagur-knowlege of action
Saam-knowlege of worship
Atharva-Knowlege of science |
| Classification of Shruti | Mantra
Braahmana
Aaranyaka
Upanishad |
| Upinshads | Metaphysical Discussion
Encourage questions |
| Sin Specipic Periods | Panths
Puranas
Agamas
Upavedas
Darshanas
Venangas
Ithas
Dharm Shastras |
| Sacred Writings | Vedas(oldest vast collection):Upanishads(philosphy)
Ramayana:defines the laws of dharma and duties
Mahabarata:13 volumes,longest epic,15 time longer then bible(bhagvad gita is most sacred)
The laws of manu dealing with dharma
Hindu epics basic of hindu religious |
| Ramayana | Love story sita and rama(king),contest to win for sita and string a giant bow he wins.12 years later and sir surpeans, he is exiled to the forest and with his bow demon,Ravana capture sita,monkey kingdom mourning his lover,hanuma monkey god flies to lanka and tells rama where he is,faitfulnes sita they live dharma. |
| Mahabharta | Bhadgavad gita main story
Story of krishma(charioter/teach him/vishnu) and arjuna(prince) battle,wanting to understand human life and bases him on dilemma
Dilema he has to fight in the battle both side are friends and family turns to krishnu.
What should he do:follow the path of duty is to fight,go into battle and be a faithful solider no will be eternal slaying |
| Gitas Message | Life does not last neither does death
We create meaning,by giving hape to emptiness
Right and wrong
Create our truth and let us define us |
| Krishna’s teaching | Birth and Death:Cetain things to happen
Etenal soul:you have something is eternal all exist never die
Look within:truth is within |
| Panthesim in Hinduism | God divinity in all things
All things are part of the cosmic divine force |
| Brahamen(suprememe essence of the universal divine consciousness) | Oneness and absolute
Brahman has no form
Unkowable and supreme reality
Only known through gods
Non personal god
Atman is one with brahman |
| Atman | The individual soul which keeps being reincarnated |
| Maya | Illusion:we are concious of the fact we are one brahaman |
| Samsara | To wonder aross the attman move along to one body from a next,endless cycle of reincarnation cycle |
| Moshka | Escape from samsara this going on release cycle |
| Karma | Law of consequence with this life and other
Comic las of cause and effects
Determines next incarnation |
| Enlightment | The process by which one may escape maya and discover one’s true ones and identity |
| Gods of Hinduism | Brahama(creator god,4 face,arms
Shiva(god of destruction.cosmic dance,destroys and recrates life,wife is paravathi concert of kali,many women
vishnu(preserver god,wife faithful lakshmi not faithful,god of love)10 incarnations |
| Avatars of Vishnu(incarnation) | Matsya
Koorma
Varaha
Narasimha
Vamana
Rama
Balarama
Krishna
Parsuruma
Kalki |
| Krishna | Incarnation of vishnu
Lover,practical trickster,playful
Sensual lover
Seducer of wives and daughters |
| What about Godesses | Devi-the feminine divine
Parvati-divine mother wife of shava |
| Shatki | Female divine force
Mother goddesses
Every god has shakti
Also worhsiped as devi |
| Lakshmi | Wife of vishnu
Devoted wife
Fertility and fortune goddess |
| Kali | Goddess uses her love to take away darknes and demonic forces and impurities
Consorts of shiva |
| Rama | Ideal man
Perfect son,brother,husband,friend and king
Embodiment of dharma |
| Hanuman | Monkey deity head of monkey and body
Shiva reincarnation
fly
Can be large or small
Devoted to ram
Worships on tuesday and sometime saturdays
Power of devotion
Story:rescuing sita by turning into mouse,saved the wounded should mokshwana flew he picked the mountain the herb |
| Ganesha | Told him to stay outside for a bath,shiva had been gone that ganesha didn’t recognize him he and in the battle caught his head of the next animal to elephant hair
God of success,remove obstcacle
Son of shiva and parviti
Worship like cross your arms and he is funny |
| Gods are worshipped through representive | Variety:Devas(gods),devis(godess),minor deities(devatas)
Guru:spirital teacher
Monarch,family elders,cow,nature |
| Humans are manifest forms | Divine
Spiritual being with human experience |
| Hindu Time | Time as endless cycles
First world of peace and abudunc(brahama)
Decays world,despite vishnu on human behalf
Corrupt is destroyed by shiva,recration |
| Four yogas | Karma yoga:action through selfless service(releaseas karma)
Juana yoga:path of knowledge(true nature,self)
Raja yoga:mediation
Bhakti yoga:devotion |
| Worship terms(temple or home) | Bhakti:devotion (to specific deity)
Set a room for shin,then bath and incest
Puja-worship(offering and rituals)
Prasada-within divine your own eating food is blessed as eaten with divine |
| Shrine or deity in home | Image of deity,food,inense and offering at the shrine |
| Worship at a sacred image(murti) | Darsen(act of seeing the deity),interlocking great blessing
19th century refor movement opposed
Darshan is core of worship at the temple |
| Daily Week Prayers | Sunday-sun god
Monday-lord shiva
Tuesday-lord hanuman
Wednesday-lord krishna
Thursday-lord dakshinamurthy
Friday-godess lakshmi
Saturday-lor balaji
Everyday:gayatri mantra |
| HIndu practice arise from four traditions | Verdic tradition
Ascetic tradition:monk and guru from indulgence
Popular culture traditions:diets and astrology
Devotion tradition:specific god |
| Death | Reincarnation
Death only the body dies
Atman livins in successive bodies until moska
At death,cremated body
Death is not final,reborn many times |
| Family life | Extend family-society
3 or 4 generation live together
Women-donestic responsi;ies
Men-income
Elder-make decision
Property father from son
Men-decision old ladies influential
Women join husband
Hindu scripture defined
Children are expected to repay them
Marriage-social and religion obligation |
| Transcental mediation | Importance disciple for enlightment
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and beetles for a while,george became a hindu.bettle brought light
Goal:Empty the mind ot thought
Spirtual mediation i teach the same thing as jesus to be taught and still to be god human |
| Aum or om | Sacred symbol of brahman
More primal then speech
Divine oneness sybol |
| Yoga | Physical and mental discipl to achieve a state of spirital suprerconciusness
Breathing exercise to center one with the self and with universe |
| Purity vs pollunts | Involves personal cleanliness
Ritual bathing
Affects worship and social cast
Caste is lower if work involves pollutant
Use right hand |
| Person purifcation | Vegiternian
Respect for life and dead
Reverence for animals
What about doctor is saving dosen’t pollute
Person worship:purfication of body
Ganges river:sacred,cleanse soul,cures disease |
| Karma and caste system | Karma determine society
Vedic hyme social order reflected on parusha |
| Four major castes or varna | Brahmins-priests and philosophers
kshatriyas-nobilty ,warrior,vassal
Vaishaya:farmer and merchants
Shudras-manuel labors and aristians
Dalit(untouchable-polluted)
Women:identity as daughter,wife,mother casye
Lighter upper |
| Festivals | Close to god and renew personal life
Victory of godod over evil
Each month has one festival and regional festival
Maha kumb mela:largest,heavenly nectar lord vishnu drops four on different and the pilgrimage of four and they have 2013 had 110 million to bath,necter cleanse your lifetime 88 gejneration |
| Guru | Spiritual teacher,oral on veda
Itnelte guru |
| Four stages of life | Celibate student stage,married householder,forest dweller(retirement),sanyas stage(renoucer begging liberation)pass only three |
| Folk Religon | Nature-sun festival worship
Rivers to be sacred wash imputed
Tress made into shrines as divine
Images
Holy human being-saint |
| Rites of passage | 16
Change a person identity
Purify the soul
Ritual of sacred thread to a boy to man gives eating with women |
| India | Town to cities,nuclear family gaining
Middle class |
| Valuable insights from hinduism | Respect for life and nature
Virtue:restraint,genorosity,compassion
Worth extended family
Devotion to religious practice
Diversity and complexity
karma(extends next incarnation)
Life is a journey seeing spiritual truth
High ethic standards and practice(vamas and niyamas |
| Hindu tolerance | They believe all religions are the same
Tolerant
Hindu rituals are different addictive,fear of god
Prabhupada deathbed confession:fallen short he is divine of sinfulness and our guilt |
| Christian exclusive | 1 savior
Sin and its affect
Cross and christ atonement
Faith in chritst alone as savior |
| Major difference with christanity | Panthestic not theistic
Escape rather then fullfillment
Lacks grace or atonement,a religion of human works
All relgion are pathawy to god and salvation
Sycrentism many ideas
View of death (reincanation)
Christan faith facts of sin,c ross and resurction 2nd coming |
| Hindu Creation myth | Brahama is the universe is we live in,life forms
8.3 billion human year
Universe created out of from his body |
| The three das(main virtues) | Damayata(restraint and self control), datta(genorsity) and dayyadvhum(compassion) |
| The 20 ethical guidlines | Yamas(don’t):No harming others,no decieving,stealing,no lust,no impatient,no wavering fom goals,no cruel,no dishonest,no intemperate,no impure
Niyamas(do):Remorse,content,genorous,cultivate faith,devotion,scripture,spirtual will and intellect,honor religious vows,holy mantra,auserity and self deniel |
| Chanting of Om | Sound of brahman or close verbal expression of brahman
Those who chant will be freed from karma
Esscence
Rig:Speech, Sam:breath,Udgitha:syllabal
After threefold knowledge and threefold sacrafice |
| Karma | We are affected from prior deeds
Work of self
Man get’s life to be what fated is |
| Universal Self | Only self what should i fear?
Create men and women
Worship self for brahman
No worshiping other deity |
| Historically Hindu | Dravidiana culture earlier hindu practices
Aryans brought vedas |
| Vedic Religion | Sacrafice
Drank soma the medicine of immortality
Manta linking heaven and earth
Agni the god of fire is link between heaven and earch
Shiva trident represent threefold quantity
First sound of creation om
Cult of shiva:pati(god),pasu(indivual soul),pasa(bonds tha confine to soul to earthly existence),yoga and renicarniation many hold ma |
| Mother Godess (Mahadevi) | Encompass many small dietties
Argiculture and Fertility
Texts in Tantra |
