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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
small sacs of connective tissue	bursae
cover and lining membrane	epithelial membrane
cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs	Body Membrane
composed of two layers, the superficial epidermis and the underlying dermis	cutaneous membrane
is exposed to air and is a dry membrane	cutaneous membrane
lines all body cavities that open to the exterior - hollow organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts.	mucous membrane
known as moist membrane	mucous membrane
a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue	serosa
pairs of serous membrane	parietal layer and visceral layer
serous layer are separated not by air but by a scanty amount of thin, clear fluid	serous fluid
the serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs is the	peritoneum
the membrane surrounding the lungs	pleurae
the membrane surrounding the heart	pericardia
composed of loose areolar connective tissue and contain no epithelial cells at all	synovial membrane
it keeps water and other precious molecules in the body	skin
keeps excess water out	skin
the skin and its appendages are collectively called	intergumentary system
which means "covering". performs a variety functions; most but not all of which are protective. it protects the entire body from mechanical damage, chemical damage, ultraviolet radiation, and mictobes	intergument
acts as a mini-excretory system and is also a chemical plant	skin
made of mostly of dense connective tissue	dermis
not considered as part of the skin but anchors the skin to underlying organs and provides site for nutrient storage	hypodermis
makes the epidermis tough protective layer in process called -	keratinization
most cells of the epidermis consists of this	keratinocytes
keratinocytes produces -	keratin
connected by desmosomes through out the pandemic	keratinocytes
redness	erythema
blanching	pallor
jaundice	yellow cast
where blood has escaped from the circulation	bruises
signifies a liver disorder	jaundice
their ducts usually empty into hair follicle	sebaceous glands
deepest cell layer of the epidermis	stratum basale
more superficial layers	stratum spinosum
cells leave the stratum granulosum they die and form -	stratum lucidum
outermost layer	stratum corneum
a pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black	melanin
special spider shaped cells	melanocytes
sentries that alert and activate immune system cells to a threat such as bacterial or viral invasion.	epidermal dendritic cells
superficial dermal region	papillary layer
papill =	nipple
papillary layer is uneven and has peglike projections from its superior surface -	dermal papillae
furnish nutrients to the epidermis	capillary loops
deepest skin layer; containes dense irregular connective tissue	reticular layer
alert the sources of heat or cold, or the tickle of a bug exploring our skin	cutaneous senroy receptors
prevent microbes that have managed to get through the epidermis from penetrating any deeper into the body	phagocytes
supplied with blood vessels that play a role in maintining body temperature homeostasis	dermis
occur in bedridden patients who are not turned regularly	decubitus ulcer
maintains body homeostasis	skin appendages
cutaneous glands are all -	exocrine glands
this release their secretions to the skin surface via ducts	exocrine glands
keeps the skin soft and moist and prevents the hair from becoming brittle	sebum
if the material oxidizes and dries, it darkens	blackheads
if the material does not dry or darken	whitehead
mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells	sebum
active infection of the sebaceous glands	acne
fast flowing sebum	seborrhea
caused by the overactivity of the sebaceous glands	seborrhoea
this gland produces sweat	eccrine glands
heat regulating equipment	eccrine glands
function during puberty under the influence of androgens	apocrine glands
play a minimal role in thermoregulation	apocrine glands
activated by nerve fibers during pain and stress and during sexual arousal	apocrine glands
the part of the hair that is projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin	shaft
the part of the hair enclosed in the hair follicle	root
scalelike modification of the epidermis that corresponds to the hoof or clar of other animals	nail
the edge of the thick proximal nail fold	cuticle