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level: Level 3 - Validity

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 3 - Validity

Question	Answer
means how well a study or data collection instrument measures what it is intended to measure Understanding different aspects of this will help us in comparing the strengths and also weaknesses of the alternative study designs and also our confidence in the findings generated by those studies.	Validity
Types of Validity in Methods and Measurement	1 Internal validity 2 External validity 3 Construct Validity 4 Content validity 5 Criterion validity 6 Convergent validity
the extent to which the design and conduct of a study minimizes the risk of any systematic error or biases in the study results. the __ can be the suspect when biases in the design or conduct of a clinical trial or other studies could have affected the outcomes by causing the study results to deviate from the true magnitude of the treatment effect.	Internal validity
usually the result of the study may be limited when the circumstances of a particular studies such as patient characteristics or the technique of delivering a treatment, the setting of care differ from the circumstances of the rest. the extent to which the result of the study conducted under a particular circumstance can be generalized to other patients or population. chatgpt explained: For instance, if a study is conducted on a specific group of people, the question becomes whether the findings of that study can be applied to a broader population beyond the group studied.	External validity
how well a measure is correlated with other accepted measures of the construct of interest, and discriminates between groups known to differ evaluates the extent to which a measurement instrument (such as a test, questionnaire, or assessment tool) accurately measures the theoretical construct or concept it claims to measure. In other words, it assesses whether the scores obtained from the instrument truly reflect the underlying construct of interest.	Construct Validity
this is the ability of a measure to REPRESENT reasonably as judged by someone with knowledge or expertise in the construct. For example, acceptable or a construct like in base of concept, trait, domain of interest.	Face validity (Under construct validity)
the degree to which the set of items of a data collection instrument is known to represent the range or universe of meanings or dimensions of a construct of interest. For example, how well do the domains of a health-related quality of life index for rheumatic arthritis represent the aspect of quality of life or daily functioning that are important to patients. focuses on how well a measurement instrument (such as a test, questionnaire, or assessment tool) covers the full range of content or domain that it is intended to measure. In other words, it evaluates whether the items or questions included in the instrument are representative of the entire construct being measured.	Content validity
o how well a measure, including its various domains or dimensions, is correlated with a known gold standard or definitive measurement, if one exists	Criterion validity
(it refers to how well a measure correlates with a PREVIOUSLY VALIDATED one and the ability of the measure to accurately differentiate between different groups at the time measure is applied)	Concurrent validity (UNDER Criterion validity)
(refers the ability to use differences in a measure of a construct to predict future events or outcomes)	Predictive validity (UNDER Criterion validity)
o the extent to which DIFFERENT MEASURES that are intended to measure the same construct actually YIELD SIMILAR RESULTS, such as two measures of quality of life simple explanation: different measures, same purpose, yield the same results	Convergent validity
it concerns whether the different measures are intended to measure different constructs actually fail to be positively associated with each other simple explanation: different measures, different purpose, yield different results	Discriminant validity (UNDER Convergent validity)