| The capacity to do work or produce heat, measured in joules (J). | Energy |
| How is energy defined? | Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or produce heat, and it is measured in joules (J). |
| An object or a group of objects that can be isolated and analyzed in terms of its energy content or interactions. | System |
| What is a system in the context of energy? | A system refers to an object or a group of objects that can be isolated and analyzed with respect to its energy content or interactions. |
| The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system; it can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred between different parts of the system. | Conservation of Energy |
| What is conservation of energy? | Conservation of energy is the principle that states energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system; it can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred between different parts of the system. |
| Locations within a system where energy is stored in various forms, such as kinetic energy, potential energy, or chemical energy. | Energy Stores |
| What are energy stores? | Energy stores are locations within a system where energy is stored in different forms, including kinetic energy, potential energy, or chemical energy. |
| The process by which energy is moved from one part of a system to another, or from one system to another. | Energy Transfer |
| What is energy transfer? | Energy transfer is the process of moving energy from one part of a system to another or from one system to another. |
| The amount of energy transferred or converted by a force acting over a distance, often resulting in a change in the state or motion of an object. | Work Done |
| What does "work done" refer to in the context of energy transfer? | "Work done" refers to the amount of energy transferred or converted by a force acting over a distance, typically leading to a change in the state or motion of an object. |
| The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting over a distance of one meter. | Joule (J) |
| What is the unit of measurement for energy? | The unit of measurement for energy is the joule (J), which represents the work done by a force of one newton acting over a distance of one meter. |
| The capacity to do work or produce heat; it exists in various forms and can be converted from one form to another. | Energy |
| What is energy? | Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat, and it exists in different forms that can be converted between each other. |
| A location or mechanism where energy is stored within a system, available for later conversion or use. | Energy Store |
| What is an energy store? | An energy store is a place within a system where energy is stored, awaiting conversion or utilization. |
| The form of energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms and molecules, released during chemical reactions. | Chemical Energy Store |
| What is the chemical energy store? | The chemical energy store is where energy is stored within chemical bonds between atoms and molecules, which can be released during chemical reactions. |
| The energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed, ready to be released when the object returns to its original shape. | Elastic Potential Energy Store |
| What is the elastic potential energy store? | The elastic potential energy store is where energy is stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed, awaiting release when the object returns to its original shape. |
| The energy stored in an object due to its position relative to a gravitational field, such as when it is raised above the ground. | Gravitational Potential Energy Store |
| What is the gravitational potential energy store? | The gravitational potential energy store is where energy is stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field, such as when it is raised above the ground. |
| The energy associated with the movement of an object, resulting from its motion. | Kinetic Energy Store |
| What is the kinetic energy store? | The kinetic energy store is where energy is stored in an object due to its movement or motion. |
| The energy associated with the internal motion and vibration of particles within a substance, also known as heat energy. | Thermal Energy Store |
| What is the thermal energy store? | The thermal energy store is where energy is stored in a substance due to the internal motion and vibration of its particles, also referred to as heat energy. |
| The energy associated with the attraction or repulsion between magnetic materials or magnetic fields. | Magnetic Energy Store |
| What is the magnetic energy store? | The magnetic energy store is where energy is stored due to the interaction between magnetic materials or magnetic fields, leading to attraction or repulsion. |
| The energy associated with the attraction or repulsion between electrically charged particles or objects. | Electrostatic Energy Store |
| What is the electrostatic energy store? | The electrostatic energy store is where energy is stored due to the interaction between electrically charged particles or objects, resulting in attraction or repulsion. |
| The energy stored within atomic nuclei, released during nuclear reactions such as fission or fusion. | Nuclear Energy Store |
| What is the nuclear energy store? | The nuclear energy store is where energy is stored within atomic nuclei, and it is released during nuclear reactions such as fission or fusion. |
| The movement or conversion of energy from one form to another. | Energy Transfer |
| What happens to the energy when a person throws a ball upwards? | First, energy is transferred from the person's arm's chemical energy store to its kinetic energy store, then to the ball's kinetic energy store. As the ball rises, energy is transferred from its kinetic energy store to its gravitational potential energy store. |
| The energy stored in chemical bonds within molecules. | Chemical Energy Store |
| From which energy store is energy initially transferred when a person throws a ball upwards? | Energy is initially transferred from the person's arm's chemical energy store. |
| The energy stored in an object due to its motion. | Kinetic Energy Store |
| What happens to the energy transferred to the ball's kinetic energy store as it moves upwards? | As the ball moves upwards, it slows down due to gravity, so energy is gradually transferred from its kinetic energy store to its gravitational potential energy store. |
| The energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field. | Gravitational Potential Energy Store |
| What happens to the energy stored in the ball's gravitational potential energy store when it reaches its highest point? | At its highest point, the ball momentarily stops, and all the energy is stored in its gravitational potential energy store. |
| The process of changing energy from one form to another. | Energy Conversion |
| How is energy transferred back to the ball's kinetic energy store as it falls again? | The energy stored in the ball's gravitational potential energy store is converted back to kinetic energy as it falls under the force of gravity. |
| The transfer of energy when a force causes an object to move. | Work Done |
| How does work done relate to the energy transfers involved in throwing a ball upwards? | When a person throws a ball upwards, work is done by their arm to transfer energy from its chemical energy store to its kinetic energy store, initiating the series of energy transfers. |
| The table below summarises the energy transfers that happen in some other common situations: | Energy Transfer Table |
| A system where energy cannot enter or leave, and can only be transferred, stored, or dissipated by the objects within the system. | Closed System |
| What happens to the total amount of energy in a closed system over time? | The total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant; it cannot increase or decrease. |
| The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. | Conservation of Energy |
| What does the conservation of energy principle imply for a closed system? | In a closed system, the total energy remains constant, adhering to the principle of conservation of energy. |
| The movement or conversion of energy from one form to another within a system. | Energy Transfer |
| How is energy transferred within a closed system? | Energy is transferred within a closed system through various processes such as heat transfer, mechanical work, or electromagnetic radiation. |
| The process by which energy in a closed system is transformed into forms that are less useful or organized, often leading to an increase in entropy. | Dissipation |
| What happens to energy in a closed system when it is dissipated? | When energy is dissipated in a closed system, it is typically transformed into forms such as heat or sound, becoming less organized and less available for useful work. |
| The overall difference or alteration in a quantity over a given period. | Net Change |
| Can there be a net change in the amount of energy within a closed system? | No, in a closed system, there can be no net change in the total amount of energy; it remains constant. |
| The concept that considers the entire Universe as a closed system, where energy is conserved across all its components. | Universal Closed System |
| How does the concept of a universal closed system relate to the conservation of energy? | The idea of the entire Universe as a closed system reinforces the principle of conservation of energy, indicating that the total energy within the Universe remains constant despite energy transfers and transformations occurring within it. |
