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level: Earth and atmosphere

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Earth and atmosphere

Question	Answer
Select the three main layers that make up the structure of the Earth.	Crust, mantle and core
What is the thinnest layer of the Earth’s structure?	crust
What layer of the Earth’s structure is under the greatest pressure?	core
What layer of the Earth’s structure is solid, but moves like a liquid?	mantle
Which is the outermost layer of the Earth?	crust
Which is the innermost layer of the Earth?	core
What are the four most abundant elements making up the Earth?	Iron, oxygen, magnesium, silicon
What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?	Oxygen, silicon
What are the three most abundant components of the Earth’s mantle?	Silicon, oxygen, magnesium
What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s core?	iron, nickel
Which layer of the Earth has the greatest volume?	mantle
Which layer of the Earth is the hottest?	core
How do sedimentary rocks become metamorphic rocks?	While underground, sedimentary rocks are heated and put under pressure to become metamorphic rocks.
How do metamorphic rocks become igneous rocks?	While underground, metamorphic rocks are heated so much that they melt and become magma, when this cools, igneous rocks are the result.
How do metamorphic rocks become sedimentary rocks?	Igneous rocks can be affected by weathering and erosion. The pieces that break off can be transported and brought together through pressure to make sedimentary rocks.
In which direction does the rock cycle move?	Sedimentary – metamorphic – igneous – sedimentary
Select the two main gases that exist in the atmosphere.	nitrogen and oxygen
About how many kilometres above the Earth’s surface does the atmosphere begin?	100 km
Which gas makes up most of the atmosphere?	nitrogen