| The fundamental makeup of all matter in the universe, consisting of atoms as its basic building blocks. | Atomic Composition |
| What is everything in the universe made of? | Everything in the universe is made of atoms. |
| Atoms are not visible to the naked eye due to their extremely small size. | Atom Visibility |
| Are atoms visible to the naked eye? | No, atoms are invisible to the naked eye due to their minuscule size. |
| The central region of an atom containing protons and neutrons. | Atomic Nucleus |
| What is the central region of an atom called? | The central region of an atom is called the nucleus. |
| Protons and neutrons, which are found within the nucleus of an atom. | Nuclear Particles |
| What particles are located in the nucleus of an atom? | Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Paths followed by electrons as they move around the nucleus of an atom. | Electron Orbits |
| Where are electrons found in an atom? | Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom. |
| The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electron orbital, representing the size of the atom. | Atomic Radius |
| What is the approximate radius of an atom? | An atom has a very small radius of about 1 × 10^(–10) m. |
| The radius of the nucleus of an atom, which is much smaller than the overall atomic radius. | Nuclear Radius |
| How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of the atom? | The nucleus of an atom has a radius less than 1/10,000 of the radius of the atom. (1 × 10^(–14) m) |
| The fact that almost all of an atom's mass is concentrated within its nucleus. | Nucleus Mass Concentration |
| Where is the majority of an atom's mass located? | Almost all of an atom's mass is found in its nucleus. |
| The mass of an atom or particle relative to the mass of a standard atom or particle, usually taken as carbon-12. | Relative Mass |
| What is the relative mass of an atom with 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons? | An atom with 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons will have a relative mass of 4. |
| The mass of a proton, which is assigned a relative mass of 1. | Proton Mass |
| What is the relative mass of a proton? | The relative mass of a proton is 1. |
| The mass of a neutron, which is also assigned a relative mass of 1. | Neutron Mass |
| What is the relative mass of a neutron? | The relative mass of a neutron is also 1. |
| The mass of an electron, which is significantly smaller compared to protons and neutrons. | Electron Mass |
| What is the relative mass of an electron compared to protons and neutrons? | The relative mass of an electron is very small, almost 0, compared to protons and neutrons. |
| The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom, usually has a symbol 'A'. | Mass Number (Nucleon Number) |
| What does an atom's mass number represent? | An atom's mass number, also known as the nucleon number, represents the total number of protons and neutrons it has. |
| The number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom, which determines its chemical properties and identity, usually has a symbol 'Z'. | Atomic Number (Proton Number) |
| What does an atom's atomic number represent? | An atom's atomic number, also known as the proton number, represents the number of protons it has. |
| The symbol used to represent the element carbon in the periodic table, typically denoted as "C." | Carbon Symbol |
| What is the mass number and atomic number of carbon? | The symbol for carbon, which has a mass number of 12 and an atomic number of 6. |
| The unique identity of an element determined by its atomic number, which remains constant for all atoms of that element. | Element Identity |
| Do atoms of the same element have the same or different atomic numbers? | Atoms of the same element always have the same atomic number. |
| Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, resulting in variations in their mass numbers. | Isotopes |
| What are isotopes? | Isotopes are atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons, leading to variations in their mass numbers. |
| The number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom, determining its identity as an element. | Atomic Number (Proton Number) |
| Do isotopes of the same element have the same or different atomic numbers? | Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number. |
| The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. | Mass Number (Nucleon Number) |
| What is the difference between the mass numbers of isotopes of the same element? | Isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers due to variations in the number of neutrons. |
| An isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons, denoted as "12C." | Carbon-12 |
| What are the constituent particles of carbon-12? | Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. |
| An isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 7 neutrons, denoted as "13C." | Carbon-13 |
| How do the numbers of protons and neutrons differ between carbon-12 and carbon-13? | Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, while carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons. |
| The comparative charges of particles within an atom, denoted as +1 for protons, 0 for neutrons, and -1 for electrons. | Relative Electric Charges |
| What are the relative electric charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons? | Protons have a relative charge of +1, neutrons have a relative charge of 0, and electrons have a relative charge of -1. |
| A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, carrying a positive electric charge. | Proton |
| What is the relative electric charge of a proton? | A proton has a relative charge of +1. |
| A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with no electric charge. | Neutron |
| What is the relative electric charge of a neutron? | A neutron has a relative charge of 0. |
| A subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom, carrying a negative electric charge. | Electron |
| What is the relative electric charge of an electron? | An electron has a relative charge of -1. |
| Atoms have no overall charge because they contain equal numbers of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge). | Overall Charge of Atoms |
| Why do atoms have no overall charge? | Atoms have no overall charge because they contain equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. |
