| Three dimensional filling of the entire root canal system as close to the cemento-dentinal junction as possible | OBTURATION |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Minimal amount of root canal sealers are used in conjunction with the core filling material to establish adequate seal | TRUE |
| ______ is the terminal end also of obturation | Apical constriction |
| OBJECTIVES OF OBTURATION | To eliminate all avenues of leakage from the oral cavity or periradicular tissues into the root canal; To seal within the system any irritants that cannot be fully removed during canal cleaning and shaping procedure |
| When to obturate | Asymptomatic tooth; Intact seal; dryable canal; no sinus tract, no foul odor, properly flared, negative culture test |
| Types of root canal filling material:Major advantage is their ability to control length as well as reasonable ability to create and adequate seal | Solid Materials |
| Gutta Percha comes from the | Dried juice of Taban tree (Isonandra gutta) |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION: Reported as a root canal filling material since 1865 | Gutta Percha |
| GUTTA PERCHA(COMPOSITION): gutta percha | 19-22% |
| GUTTA PERCHA(COMPOSITION): zinc oxide | 59-79% |
| GUTTA PERCHA(COMPOSITION): heavy metal salts | 1-17% |
| GUTTA PERCHA(COMPOSITION): wax or resin | 1-4% |
| GUTTA PERCHA: Shapes | standardized, conventional |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION: Currently there is no other obturating material that provides the advantage of this material | Gutta Percha |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION(advantages): Plasticity- adapts to canal walls after compaction, Easy to remove from the canal, Low toxicity- nearly inert over time | Gutta Percha |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION(disadvantages): Lack of adhesion to dentin; Slight elasticity which causes a rebound and pulling away from the canal walls | Gutta Percha |
| Types of root canal filling material:Material of choice in most situations | Gutta Percha |
| TRUE OR FALSE: “What is inserted in the root canal system is more important than what is removed from the system” | FALSE |
| GUTTA PERCHA: Methods of placement | Lateral condensation technique; Vertical condensation technique |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION: 1950s-1950s same size by files; not used as much | Silver points |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION: pure metal; Conform to the standardized size and taper of the canal | Silver points |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION(advantages): Ease of placement; Length control; Rigidity and flexibility | Silver points |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION(disadvantages): Poor long term choice as routine obturating material, Non-adaptability, Toxicity, Corrode when in prolonged contact with tissue fluids | Silver points |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION(disadvantages): Difficult in removal, Post space removal, Long term failure, Apical and coronal seal inferior with that to GP | Silver points |
| what is important with obturation using silver points | sealer |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION: Synthetic root canal filling material; based on polymers of polyester; Contains fillers and radioapacifiers in a soft resin matrix | Resilon |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION: Looks like gutta percha. Can be thermoplasticized at a lower temperature, Biocompatible and easily retrievable, Insoluble in water | Resilon |
| Refers to a continuous solid layer that consists of: an etched layer of canal dentin impregnated with resin tags | Monoblock |
| The creation of a solid, bonded, continuous material from one dentin wall of the canal to the other | Monoblock Concept |
| Monoblock Concept: One added benefit of the Monoblock is that research has shown that its _______the ROOT by approximately 20% | STRENGTHENS |
| SOLID MATERIALS FOR OBTURATION(advantages): Strengthens the root, Seals better, Easily be retrieved, Provides an immediate coronal seal | Resilon |
| Accomplishes the objective of providing a fluid-tight seal; the core occupies the space, serving as vehicle for sealer, Must be used in conjunction with GP | SEALERS |
| functions of sealers | Acts as lubricant of master cone during insertion; Fills up canal irregularities; Allows adhesion of gutta-percha to dentin; Fills up accessory canals |
| Types of sealer(advantage):Long history of successful usage | ZnOE-based |
| Types of sealer(Disadvantage):Stains the tooth, Non adhesion, Soluble (susceptible t decomposition in tissue fluid) | ZnOE-based |
| Types of sealer(Disadvantage):Weak and porous, Cytotoxic | ZnOE-based |
| Types of sealer:Grossman’s paste, N2 RC2B | ZnOE-based |
| Types of sealer:Tubli-seal, pulp canal sealer, roth sealer | ZnOE-based |
| Types of sealer:Epoxy | Plastics |
| Types of sealer(advantages):Adhesion, Long working time, Ease of manipulation, Very good sealability | Plastics |
| Types of sealer(disadvantages):Staining, Relative insolubility in solvents, Toxic when unset, Soluble in oral fluids | Plastics |
| Types of sealer:Shows short term sealability and tissue toxicity | Ca(OH)2 |
| Types of sealer:"preserve the vitality of the pulp stump and stimulate healing and hard tissue formation at the apical wound." | Ca(OH)3 |
| Types of sealer:Effect remains to be seen - during long-term exposure to tissue fluids they maintain their integrity. | Ca(OH)4 |
| Types of sealer:is soluble and may leach out and weaken the remaining cement | Ca(OH)5 |
| Types of sealer:Sealapex | Ca(OH)2 |
| Types of sealer:Apexit; Acroseal | Ca(OH)7 |
| Types of sealer(advantages):Dentin bonding properties is good, Ability to adhere to dentine | Glass ionomer based |
| Types of sealer(advantages):Similar to traditional sealers, but this sealer is no longer available. Minimal antimicrobial activity | Glass ionomer based |
| Types of sealer(disadvantages):difficult to remove in case of retreatment | Glass ionomer based |
| Types of sealer(advantages):Provide adhesion, Does not contain eugenol, Cases for post and core | Resins |
| set slowly when mixed with an activator | Epoxy resin base |
| Types of sealer:Has good sealing and adhesive properties, and antibacterial activity | Resins |
| Types of sealer:However, produces an initial severe inflammatory reaction which subsides after some weeks and the material is then well tolerated by the periapical tissues | Resins |
| Types of sealer:strong allergenic and mutagenic potential and cases of contact allergy and paraesthesia | Resins |
| Types of sealer:Releases formaldehyde explain its strong antibacterial effect | Resins |
| Ah26 silver free is indicated for | open apices, perforations, apicoectomy |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS: is a polydimethylsiloxane-based sealer. | RoekoSeal |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS: Expands slightly on setting (0.2%) | RoekoSeal |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:Highly radiopaque; | RoekoSeal |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:the claimed advantages include good sealing ability 33 and excellent biocompatibility. | RoekoSeal |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:Histopathological study on periapical healing in dog's teeth, no differences were noted between | RoekoSeal |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS: introduced in 2004, is a modification of RoekoSeal. | GuttaFlow |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:Contains particles of gutta-percha less than 30 um in xdsize and and also expands slightly (0.2%) on curing almost insoluble. | GuttaFlow |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:Used with a single master gutta-percha cone, without mechanical compaction,Lateral or vertical condensation are acceptable. | GuttaFlow |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:Flow is significantly better into lateral grooves and depressions in the apical regions of root canals than lateral condensation or warm compaction with AH 26 sealer. | GuttaFlow |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:Working time of 15 minutes and a setting time of about 30 minutes,fast version has a 5 minute working time and a 10 minute set. | GUTTAFLOW (ROEKO) |
| SILICONE-BASED SEALERS:DA potential concern is extrusion of material beyond the apex although its cytotoxicity is lower than some other sealers | GUTTAFLOW (ROEKO) |
| Types of sealer: Potential bioactive property. | CALCIUM SILICATE-BASED SEALERS |
| Types of sealer:Similar to other tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate-containing biomaterials, calcium hydroxide is produced on reaction with water. | CALCIUM SILICATE-BASED SEALERS |
| Types of sealer:lt is anticipated that release of calcium and hydroxyl ions from the set sealer will result in the formation of apatites as it comes into contact with phosphate-containing fluids | CALCIUM SILICATE-BASED SEALERS |
| CALCIUM SILICATE-BASED SEALERS (PROROOT ENDO SEALERS): Powder | tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate |
| CALCIUM SILICATE-BASED SEALERS (PROROOT ENDO SEALERS): setting retardant | Calcium sulphate |
| CALCIUM SILICATE-BASED SEALERS (PROROOT ENDO SEALERS): radiopacifier and a small amount of tricalcium aluminate | Bismuth oxide |
| CALCIUM SILICATE-BASED SEALERS (PROROOT ENDO SEALERS): Liquid - viscous aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer | polyvinyl-pyrrolidone homopolymer |
| Mixing of Sealer: TESTS | drop test, string out test |
| Mixing of Sealer: consistency of sealer | Thick consistency, creamy and homogenous |
| Mixing of Sealer:Should string approximately ___ inches | 02-Mar |
| Mixing of Sealer:The___ the mix the better the properties of the seeker and diminished toxicity | thicker |
| PLACEMENT of Sealer: | Paper point, Files, Lentulo spiral, Injection with special syringe |
| Instruments for sealing the root canal | locking forceps, endodontic condensers, lentulo spirals |
| MASTER CONE (MC) SELECTION: | must have a tug-back, must reach the working length, must have a dead stop when pushed apically |
| Tests applied for the master cone | visual, tactile, radiographic |
| The obturation is only as good as the ____ | canal preparation |
