level: Important Questions
Questions and Answers List
level questions: Important Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main determinants of toxicity SOLVENTS | 1. Number of carbon atoms 2. saturated or unsaturated, having double or triple bonds between the adjacent carbon atoms 3. Configuration (cis or trans) or Stereochemical property 4. Presence of functional groups |
| solvents classes | ○ Aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated HYDROCARBONS ○ Aromatic hydrocarbons ○ Alcohols, ethers, esters,/acetates, amides/amines, aldehydes, ketones ○ Complex mixture |
| 1 their Systemic absorption of inhaled VOCs may be greater high cardiac output and respiratory rates 2 Age affected by this | 1 Children and infants 2 children ages 1⁄2 to 3 years old |
| 1 tends to reach higher blood levels 2 accumulate in the adipose tissue and release slowly | 1 More polar solvents 2 lipid solvents |
| 1 enhance the toxicity of solvents 2 decrease the toxicity of solvents | 1) P450 INHIBITORS 2) P450 INDUCERS |
| exercise increases __ | 1 alveolar ventilation 2 cardiac output 3 pulmonary blood flow |
| 1 are rapidly absorbed into the pulmonary circulation 2 __ is the rate limiting of this chemical. | 1 Polar solvents (acetone, ethanol, ethylene glycol) 2 alveolar ventilation (RATE LIMITING STEP OF POLAR SOLVENTS) |
| 1 increase pulmonary uptake of polar solvents 2 double the uptake of lipid soluble solvents | 1 Heavy exercise 2 people who do not exercise or do light exercise |
| rate limiting for uptake of more lipophilic solvents. | Pulmonary blood flow and metabolism |
| Food intake results in increased __, which favors GI absorption, hepatic blood flow, and biotransformation | splanchnic blood flow |