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level: Level 1 of PESTICIDES (random questions)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of PESTICIDES (random questions)

Question	Answer
all chemical insecticides are __ = act by damaging and poisoning the nervous system of target organisms	neurotoxicants
All insecticides can target Both insect and mammals except __ since they can only be seen in insects INSECTICIDES	1 glutamate-gated (Avermectin) 2 octopamine (Formamidines)
- most poisonous/notable (most common insecticide= involves great number of poisoning and deaths)	Organophosphates
(effective in controlling lepidopteran species and crops- moth, butterfly species, and EMERALD ASH BORER= creates holes in the trees) INSECTICIDES	Emamectin benzoate
(In humans: it is used to treat infection of intestinal threadworms, ONCHOCERCIASIS or LIVER BLINDNESS, LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS, and this is not used to treat covid) (used in veterinary, anthelminthic and antiparasitic for animals) INSECTICIDES	Ivermectin
how herbicides are applied:	1 Preplanting - applied to the soil before the crop be seeded 2 Preermergent - applied to the soil before the time of appearance of a unwanted vegetation of plants 3 Post Emergent- applied to the soil after germination of the crop to grow, if there is an unwanted plants we can use this
Ingestion/accidental caused acute poisoning in humans= vomiting, BURNING OF THE MOUTH, abdominal pain, hypotension, MYOTONIA, coma, and worse death HERBICIDES	Chlorophenoxy compounds 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
Symptoms of toxicity: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, ULCERATION OF MOUTH & ESOPHAGUS, DECLINE OF RENAL FUNCTIONS ACUTE SYSTEMIC EFFECTS in LUNGS & KIDNEYS HERBICIDE	Bipyridyl compounds
(Known human carcinogen/causes cancer) HERBICIDE	Alachlor, Acetachlor and Metachlor (Chloroacetanilides)
Triazines first manifestation chronic toxicity herbicides	decrease body weight gain
Signs and symptoms: IMPAIRED RESPIRATION, NEUROLOGIC DISTURBANCE and cardiovascular effects GI effects HERBICIDE	Phosphonomethyl amino acids derivatives: glufosinate, glyphosate
Potent eye irritant but only mild irritants therefore they can cause BLINDNESS FUNGICIDES	Captan and Folpet
Chronic exposures causes HYPERTROPHY (increase in the size of skeletal muscle) and HYPERPLASIA (enlargement of particular organ or tissue) (FUNGICIDE)	(Dithiocarbamates ) - Maneb, ziram, zoned
widely used fungicide, has low or mild toxicity, sometimes do not cause toxicity	Copper sulfate (Inorganic and Organometal Fungicides )