| The particles in a gas constantly move around at random. | Particle Movement in Gases |
| How do particles in a gas move? | They constantly move around at random. |
| The temperature of a gas is proportional to the kinetic energy of its particles. | Temperature and Kinetic Energy of Gas Particles |
| What is the relationship between the temperature of a gas and the kinetic energy of its particles? | The temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of the particles. |
| Kinetic energy is stored by objects that are moving. | Kinetic Energy |
| What type of objects store kinetic energy? | Objects that are moving. |
| The higher the temperature of a gas, the faster the particles move. | Temperature and Particle Movement |
| How does temperature affect the movement of gas particles? | Higher temperature makes particles move faster. |
| When gas particles collide with something, they exert pressure on it. | Pressure from Gas Particles |
| What happens when gas particles collide with something? | They exert pressure on it. |
| The more collisions there are, the higher the pressure exerted by the gas. | Collisions and Pressure |
| How do collisions of gas particles affect pressure? | More collisions result in higher pressure. |
| If the volume of a fixed mass of gas is kept constant, increasing the temperature will increase the pressure exerted. | Temperature and Pressure at Constant Volume |
| What happens to the pressure of a gas if its temperature increases while volume is kept constant? | The pressure increases because the particles move faster and collide with the walls of the container more often. |
| The pressure exerted by the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant volume. | Pressure-Temperature Relationship |
| What is the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas at constant volume? | The pressure is directly proportional to the temperature. |
| Decreasing the temperature of a substance decreases the average kinetic energy of its particles. | Temperature and Kinetic Energy |
| What happens to the average kinetic energy of particles when the temperature of a substance decreases? | The average kinetic energy of the particles decreases. |
| If you keep decreasing the temperature, eventually the average kinetic energy of the particles will be 0 J. This happens at the same temperature for all substances. | Zero Kinetic Energy |
| At what point do particles reach zero kinetic energy? | When the temperature is decreased to absolute zero, the average kinetic energy of the particles is 0 J. |
| What is the temperature at which particles have zero kinetic energy called? | Absolute zero. |
| Absolute zero is at –273°C. | Temperature of Absolute Zero |
| What is the temperature of absolute zero in degrees Celsius? | –273°C. |
| Particles have zero kinetic energy at absolute zero so they do not move. | Particle Movement at Absolute Zero |
| What happens to the movement of particles at absolute zero? | Particles do not move because they have zero kinetic energy. |
| The kelvin temperature scale is based on absolute zero. | Kelvin Temperature Scale |
| What is the zero point of the kelvin temperature scale based on? | Absolute zero. |
| The kelvin temperature scale uses absolute zero as its zero point. The kelvin temperature scale has the same size intervals as the Celsius scale. This means you can convert between the two by just adding or subtracting 273. | Kelvin and Celsius Scales |
| How can you convert temperatures between the Celsius scale and the kelvin scale | By adding or subtracting 273. |
| The average kinetic energy of particles in a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas in kelvin. | Kinetic Energy and Kelvin Temperature |
| How is the average kinetic energy of gas particles related to the temperature in kelvin? | It is directly proportional to the temperature in kelvin. |
