| what is the liquid part of the cytoplasm called? | cytosal, where the enzymes catalysed reactions happen in the cell |
| what are the holes between the 2 cells | plasmodona so the cell membrane is continous. |
| what is the cell membrane made up of? | phospholipid bilayer |
| what is the liquid part of the cytoplasm called? | cytosal, where the enzymes catalysed reactions happen in the cell |
| what is the outside of the double membrane nucleus called | nuclear envolope |
| what are the holes in the nuclear envolope called? | nucleur pores, allows larger molecules to leave the nucleus |
| if we want to release protein what do we need | we need to use the genetic code in dna, to do this, we need to make a messenger RNA, as the actually dna is too big to go out |
| the rough endoplasmic reticulum is connected to what? | nucleur envolope, it has many ribosomes on them named 80s |
| where are the ribosomes made? | in the grey area of the nucleolos |
| describe the journey of the messenger RNA in the RER | the MRNA travels in the sacs of the RER called cisternae, as it goes through it connects with a ribosome as a sight of protein synthesis |
| what do the ribosomes do to the messenger RNA | the MRNA uses the code from the DNA, the ribosomes take that code and turn it into a polypeptide chain |
| what organelle does the polypeptide chain move to (or morph into) | a vesicle |
| where will protein get modified and proccessed | the golgi apparatus |
| what is the SER | the SER has no ribosomes, they are contiunous with the RER |
| what is the function of the SER | synthesise lipids (including cholestorel), once the lipids are synthesised they will also go into a vesicle and travel and merge with the golgi |
| how do the polipepties travel in the golgi apparatus | they travel from left to right through every one of the sausage looking organelles, until it reaches the end where it will now be proccessed and modified |
| what happens after modification. | the proccessed vesicale can go where it needs to go |
| what can the vesicle do when it is processed. | can fuse out the cell membrane, if the vesicle is an enzyme we would call it a lysosome, it can go anywhere in the cell |
| how do the vesicles / lysosomes actually move around in the cell | via microtubes |
| what are centrioles made out of | microtubes, they come in 9 sets of of 3 |
| what is the cytoplasm structure | scaffolding that spreads around the cell, the vesicle can use this to get where it wants |
| what is the mitochondria | another double membrane, inside the mitochondria is ribosomes but smaller (these are called 70s) |
| what is the mitochondria used for? | DNA in the mitochondria is used to code for enzymes, ATP is made in mitochondria. allows for exocytosis and endocytosis |
| what do the plant cells not contain that are in the animal cell | centrioles |
| what do the cell wall contain? | other polysaccharides |
| what is the cell membrane surrounding the vacuole | the tonoplast |
| if we draw 2 cells together? what is the middle part called | the middle lamella |
| what are the holes between the 2 cells | plasmodona so the cell membrane is continous. |
| what are the structures sticking out of the bacteria cells | Pillai, help the cell stick to surfaces |
| what does the flagellum help with | movement |
| what is the cell wall made out of in a bacteria cell | peptidoglycan (murein), made out of peptides and sugar |
| what do some bacteria cells have | have an outside protection named a capsule, prevents dehydration and toxins |
| these bacterias need nutrition, how are they going to get the nutrient from the food molecule. | the bacteria cells need enzymes to break down (which are made in ribosomes) |
| what type of the ribosomes are in the bacteria cells called | 70s ribosomes |
| what do we need to tell the ribosomes what amino acids need to be study together, | we need to get a code, we get this from DNA |
| what do bacteria cells NOT have but the animal and plant cells have. | there are no membrane bound organelles. |
| we need to _____ the DNA | transcribe the DNA to the Messenger RNA (mRNA) |
| at the ribosomes, what happens to the mRNA | translation will take place to produce a protein, which will self assemble and end up with a little tiny enzyme, it would make hundreds of enzyme molecules |
| what was the hundreds of tiny enzymes do after? | they will go out of the bacteria cell to digest this food molecule |
| what is the yoyo like structure in the nucleus | chromatin - and is what the chromosomes are made out of chromosomes |
| what does the RER and the SER do in relation to the nucleus | it surrounds the nucleus |
| what is another function of the golgi apparatus | extracellular transport |
| what does the SER produce. (vesicle) | secretary vesicles that fuse with the cell surface membrane and releases contents via exocytosis |
| how large is the mitochondria | 3rd largest organelle |
| what hdoes the inner membrane do in the mitochondria | the innermembrane is folded --> increasing the surface area |
| what is cristae | the interfolding of the innermbranes |
| what does lysosomes contain | contains hydrolytic enzymers --> catalyses hydrolysis |
| what is the function of the lysosomes | apoplyosis --> cell suicide and it digests cells |
| how large is the chloroplasts | 2nd largest organelles, it contains a double membrane |
| explain the inner membrane of the chloroplasts | the inner membrane is folded forming granum which are made up of thylakoids --> increases surface area |
| what is the function of the plasodesmata | allows substances to pass from cell to cell without having to go through the cell wall or the cell membrane |
| how big is the prokaryote cell | generally 1 -5 micro metres in diameter, contains 70s ribosomes |
