| Speed is a scalar quantity that describes how quickly an object is traveling. | Speed |
| What is speed? | Speed is a scalar quantity that indicates how quickly an object is moving. |
| Displacement is the overall distance traveled from the starting position, including direction, making it a vector quantity. | Displacement (s) |
| What is displacement? | Displacement is the overall distance from the starting position, including direction, making it a vector quantity. |
| Velocity is the rate of change of displacement, expressed as Δs/Δt. | Velocity (v) |
| How is velocity defined? | Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement, represented as Δs/Δt. |
| Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, expressed as Δv/Δt. | Acceleration (a) |
| What does acceleration represent? | Acceleration represents the rate of change of velocity, shown as Δv/Δt. |
| Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a specific point in time. | Instantaneous Velocity |
| What is instantaneous velocity? | Instantaneous velocity is the speed of an object at a particular moment in time. |
| Instantaneous velocity can be found from a displacement-time graph by drawing a tangent and calculating the gradient. | Finding Instantaneous Velocity |
| How can you determine instantaneous velocity from a graph? | You can find instantaneous velocity by drawing a tangent to the displacement-time graph and calculating its gradient. |
| Average velocity is the velocity over a specified time frame, calculated by dividing final displacement by the time taken. | Average Velocity |
| What is average velocity? | Average velocity is the velocity over a specified time frame, calculated as final displacement divided by time taken. |
| Uniform acceleration occurs when the acceleration of an object is constant. | Uniform Acceleration |
| What is uniform acceleration? | Uniform acceleration is when an object's acceleration remains constant over time. |
| Acceleration-time graphs represent the change in acceleration over time. | Acceleration-Time Graphs |
| What do acceleration-time graphs represent? | Acceleration-time graphs represent the change in acceleration over time. |
| The area under the acceleration-time graph is the change in velocity. | Area Under Acceleration-Time Graph |
| What does the area under an acceleration-time graph represent? | The area under an acceleration-time graph represents the change in velocity. |
| Velocity-time graphs represent the change in velocity over time. | Velocity-Time Graphs |
| What do velocity-time graphs show? | Velocity-time graphs show the change in velocity over time. |
| The gradient of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration, while the area under the graph is displacement. | Gradient of Velocity-Time Graph |
| What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph indicate? | The gradient of a velocity-time graph indicates acceleration. |
| Displacement-time graphs show the change in displacement over time. | Displacement-Time Graphs |
| What do displacement-time graphs illustrate? | Displacement-time graphs illustrate the change in displacement over time. |
| The gradient of a displacement-time graph represents velocity. | Gradient of Displacement-Time Graph |
| What does the gradient of a displacement-time graph indicate? | The gradient of a displacement-time graph indicates velocity. |
| When an object is moving at uniform acceleration, the following formulas can be used: v = u + at s = (u + v)/2 * t s = ut + (1/2)at² v² = u² + 2as | Uniform Acceleration Formulas |
| What formulas are used for an object moving at uniform acceleration? | The formulas are: v = u + at ... s = (u + v)/2 * t ... s = ut + (1/2)at² ... v² = u² + 2as. |
| In the formulas, s = displacement, u = initial velocity, v = final velocity, a = acceleration, and t = time. | Variables in Uniform Acceleration Formulas |
| What do the symbols s, u, v, a, and t represent in the uniform acceleration formulas? | s = displacement. u = initial velocity. v = final velocity. a = acceleration. t = time. |
| A stone is dropped from a bridge 50 m above the water. The initial velocity is zero, and the acceleration is g = 9.81 m/s². | Example Problem: Dropped Stone |
| What are the initial conditions for the dropped stone? | s = 50 m. u = 0 m/s. a = 9.81 m/s². |
| To find the final velocity of the dropped stone, use v² = u² + 2as: v² = 0² + 2 * 9.81 * 50 v² = 981 v = 31.3 m/s | Finding Final Velocity Of Dropped Stone (v) |
| How do you find the final velocity of the stone? | Use the equation v² = u² + 2as. For the stone: v² = 0² + 2 * 9.81 * 50, v = 31.3 m/s |
| To find the time taken for the stone to drop to the ground, use s = ut + (1/2)at². Rearranging gives: 50 = 0 + (1/2) * 9.81 * t² t² = 10.19 t = 3.19 s | Finding Time (t) |
| How do you find the time it takes for the stone to fall? | Use the equation s = ut + (1/2)at². For the stone: 50 = 0 + (1/2) * 9.81 * t², t = 3.19 s |
| The vertical and horizontal components of a projectile’s motion are independent. This means that they can be evaluated separately using the uniform acceleration formula, where acceleration is constant. | Projectile Motion Components |
| Are the vertical and horizontal components of a projectile's motion dependent on each other? | No, the vertical and horizontal components are independent and can be evaluated separately. |
| A ball is projected from the ground at 20 m/s, at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. | Example: Ball Projected at an Angle |
| What are the initial speed and angle of the ball in the example? | The ball is projected at 20 m/s at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. |
| To solve the problem, you must resolve the initial speed into its components: Vertical component = 20 sin 60° = 17.3 m/s Horizontal component = 20 cos 60° = 10 m/s | Resolving Components |
| How do you resolve the initial velocity of the ball into vertical and horizontal components? | Vertical component = 20 sin 60° = 17.3 m/s. Horizontal component = 20 cos 60° = 10 m/s |
| The maximum vertical height occurs when the vertical component of velocity becomes 0. The relevant values are: s = ? u = 17.3 m/s v = 0 m/s a = -9.81 m/s² | Maximum Height |
| When does the maximum vertical height occur, and what are the initial conditions? | Maximum vertical height occurs when the vertical component of velocity becomes 0. Initial conditions: u = 17.3 m/s. v = 0 m/s. a = -9.81 m/s². |
| Use the formula v² = u² + 2as to find the maximum height: 0 = 17.3² + 2(-9.81)s s = 15.3 m | Finding Maximum Height |
| How do you find the maximum height of the ball? | Use the formula v² = u² + 2as: 0 = 17.3² + 2(-9.81)s.
s = 15.3 m |
| Use the formula v = u + at to find the time to reach maximum height: 0 = 17.3 + (-9.81)t t = 1.76 s | Finding Time to Maximum Height |
| How do you calculate the time to reach maximum height? | Use the formula v = u + at: 0 = 17.3 + (-9.81)t.
t = 1.76 s. |
| The total time to reach the ground is double the time to reach the maximum height: Time to reach ground = 3.5 s | Total Time to Reach Ground |
| What is the total time for the ball to reach the ground? | The total time is double the time to reach the maximum height: Time to reach ground = 3.5 s |
| Free fall is when an object experiences an acceleration of g. | Free Fall |
| What acceleration does an object experience in free fall? | An object in free fall experiences an acceleration of g. |
| Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object. In fluids, it is called drag or air resistance. Friction converts kinetic energy into other forms, such as heat and sound. | Friction |
| What is the effect of friction, and what forms does it take in fluids? | Friction opposes motion and converts kinetic energy into heat or sound. In fluids, it is called drag or air resistance. |
| The magnitude of air resistance increases as the speed of the object increases. | Air Resistance |
| How does the magnitude of air resistance change with speed? | Air resistance increases as the speed of the object increases. |
| Lift is an upward force acting on objects traveling in a fluid. It is caused by the object creating a change in the direction of fluid flow and acts perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. | Lift |
| In which direction does lift act, and what causes it? | Lift acts upward and is caused by the object altering the direction of fluid flow. |
| Terminal speed occurs when the frictional forces acting on an object and the driving forces are equal. This results in no resultant force, no acceleration, and the object travels at a constant speed. | Terminal Speed |
| What happens to an object when it reaches terminal speed? | At terminal speed, frictional and driving forces are equal, and the object moves at a constant speed with no acceleration. |
| As a skydiver leaves the plane, they accelerate because their weight is greater than air resistance. As speed increases, air resistance also increases until weight and air resistance are equal, at which point terminal velocity is reached. | Example of Terminal Velocity: Skydiver |
| How does a skydiver reach terminal velocity? | A skydiver accelerates as their weight exceeds air resistance. As speed increases, air resistance grows until it equals weight, reaching terminal velocity. |
| Air resistance affects both the vertical and horizontal components of a projectile's motion. It reduces the maximum height and the distance traveled. | Effect of Air Resistance on Projectile Motion |
| What impact does air resistance have on the motion of a projectile? | Air resistance decreases both the maximum height and the distance traveled by a projectile. |
