| procedure of yuille and cutshall study | Natural experiment involving a real life gun shooting
13 witnesses were interviewed right after the shooting by police, then 4-5 months after by psychologists.
They were asked to rate their stress level at the time of the incident, along with two misleading questions. |
| findings of yuille and cutshall study | The more stressed they were, the more details the participants could recall
Small details like height, weight, or age estimates were sometimes wrong |
| Evaluations of yuille and cutshall study | good ecological validity and no mundane realism--> this was a natural experiment involving a real gun shooting
replicated police interviews
bad gerneralisablility because there were only 13 participants and they studied one unique event only.
contradicts Johnson and scott study |
| anxiety's positive effect on EWT | Fight or flight--> physiological arousal
Could lead to more accurate EWT as people tend to focus on important details to survive+are on high alert |
| What does the Yerkes-dodson law describe | Relationship between emotion arousal (anxiety) and performance. If its too low or too high you wont remember much, if its moderate then you will remember more |
| what is the negative effect of anxiety on EWT | High levels anxiety cause tunnel vision where subjects focus entirely on the object causing anxiety (weapon, etc). This leads to poor and inaccurate EWT |
| procedure of Johnson and scott study | Johnson and scott made participant think that they were taking place in another lab study.
While they were doing the fake study, they heard arguing in another room, then they experienced one of two conditions:
1: A man walks through the door with a pen and grease in his hands (low stress)
2: The argument included the sound of glass breaking, and the man comes through with a bloody letter opener
ppts were then asked to identify the right man |
| findings of johnson and scott study | low stress= better recall, 49% accurate
High stress= worse recall, 33% accurate |
| Evaluation of johnson and scott study | contradicts yullie and cutshall study
unethical as ppts were made unnecessarily stressed + didnt have full disclosure of the study being performed on them
bad internal validity as they may have been testing unusualness instead of stress (pickel's study) |
| procedure and findings of pickel's study | similar to johnson and scott, but used a chicken and a gun instead of a pen and a gun. ppts rememberd better if it was a chicken. Contradicts Johnson and Scott's study in showing that ppts may remember more because of unusualness and not anxiety. |
