| What are faults? | fractures / discontinuities in a volume of rock |
| What are folds? | Bending or curving of originally flat surfaces |
| What causes faults and folds? | Compression or constriction (compressive forces) -> up heaval or downheaval displacement
Extension or stretching (tensional forces) -> pushoffs
Shear forces -> horizontal displacement |
| What are normal faults? | downward sinking of a block-> exention/stretching |
| What is Graben and Horst of a fault zone? | Graben: part that sinks
Horst: part that is raised up |
| What are thrust faults? | upward lifting of a block from compression -> shortening |
| What are strike-slip faults? | blocks move sideways. From the view of the observer, if the block moves to the right -> dextral ; moves to the left -> sinistral |
| What are the 2 types of folds? | Anticlinal and Synclinal |
| Describe an Anticline fold. | upward convex fold, like an inverted U. |
| Describe a Syncline fold. | downward concave fold, like a U. |
| How do fault zones affect the construction of tunnels? | Fault zones are wear the rock is weak and sometimes here is groundwater flow -> collapse or flooding. |
| What kind of plate boundary causes normal faults? | Divergent plate boundaries |
| What kind of plate boundary causes Reverse faults and folds? | Convergent plate boundaries |
| What kind of plate boundary causes strike-slip faults? | transform plate boundaries. |
