| What are the three common types of pyroclastic volcanic rock? How to tell the difference between them? | -Tuff: Mostly Rhyolite, very porous, lots of cavities and bubbles, many different rock fragments and crystals (the matrix is almost white, the phenocrystals are multi-colored)
-Pozzolan: Very porous, some small bubbles and cavities, texture has layers, some crsytals and rock fragments.
-Bentonite: Clay-like due to weathering, usually white, light blue, yellow or green. Extremely fine grain, ashy. |
| What are the three common types of pyroclastic volcanic rock? How to tell the difference between them? | -Tuff: Mostly Rhyolite, very porous, lots of cavities and bubbles, many different rock fragments and crystals (the matrix is almost white, the phenocrystals are multi-colored)
-Pozzolan: Very porous, some small bubbles and cavities, texture has layers, some crsytals and rock fragments.
-Bentonite: Clay-like due to weathering, usually white, light blue, yellow or green. Extremely fine grain, ashy. |
| What are the three common types of pyroclastic volcanic rock? How to tell the difference between them? | -Tuff: Mostly Rhyolite, very porous, lots of cavities and bubbles, many different rock fragments and crystals (the matrix is almost white, the phenocrystals are multi-colored)
-Pozzolan: Very porous, some small bubbles and cavities, texture has layers, some crsytals and rock fragments.
-Bentonite: Clay-like due to weathering, usually white, light blue, yellow or green. Extremely fine grain, ashy. |
| NA | NA |
| Define a mineral. | A mineral is a natural homogeneous solid with a specific
chemical composition and a highly ordered atomic arrangement |
| True or False: Synthetic materials are also minerals. | False |
| True or False: Some minerals do not have crystalline structures. | True |
| True or False: Minerals and crystalline states of matter. | True |
| True or False: All crystal structures must be symmetrical. | True |
| What are the 7 crystal systems? | Cubic
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Hexagonal
Trigonal
Monoclinic
Triclinic |
| What is the crystal system of Calcite? | Trigonal |
| What is the crystal system of Pyrite? | Cubic |
| What is the crystal system of Quartz? | Hexagonal |
| What is the crystal system of Biotite? | Monoclinic |
| What is the crystal system of Feldspar? | Triclinic |
| What is the crystal system of Olivin? | Rhombic |
| What is the crystal system of Plagioclase? | Triclinic |
| What is the crystal system of Amphibol? | Monoclinic |
| Give 2 examples of amorphic materials (minerals without crystalline structures). | Obsidian and Opal |
| What are the 3 main Crystal shape groups? | Isometric
Prismatic and Needle
Planer-Tabular |
| What is the crystal shape of Pyrite? [Description: Big cubes] | Isometric |
| What is the crystal shape of Quartz? [Description: Long, rectangular branches] | Prismatic |
| What is the crystal shape of Biotie? [Description: kind of like shaved ice] | Planar |
| What is the crystal shape of Mikroklin? [Description: Boxy squares with no sharp corners] | Tabloid |
| What is the crystal shape of Amphibol? [Description: Black nails cast inside beige rock] | Needle |
| What factors determine the color of a crystal? | Absorption of light wavelengths as it passes through the crystal, impurities and small mineral inclusions. |
| What is the cleavage of a crystal? | The strenght of a material in different directions/ whether or not it can chipped into flat, clean sheets that have even surfaces. |
| What is the density range of most minerals? | 2.5-2.8 g/cm^3 |
| What is the density of middle-heavy minerals? | >2.9 g/cm^3 |
| What is the density of light minerals? | <2.5 g/cm^3 |
| What are the different types of shines that minerals can have? | Diamond shine
Glass shine
Grease shine
Silky shine
Matt shine |
| On what scale is the hardness of minerals tested on? | Mohs hardness scale with 10 degrees of hardness. |
| How are rocks different from minerals? | Rocks are a solid mass or collection of minerals and/or biological fragments. |
| True or False: A solid mass of one single mineral is still considered a rock. | True |
| How is texture different from structure? | Texture is the arrangement of grains and crystals
Structure is the granularity and formation of minerals |
| What are the rock groups? | Magmatic
Metamorphic
Sedimentary |
| What is magmatic rock? | Rocks formed from cooled magma inside the mantle or lower crust |
| What are the main minerals of magmatic rocks? | Feldspar, Biotite (Glimmer), Quartz (+/-) |
| What is the difference between Felsic Rock and Mafic Rock? | The amount of quartz and the acidity.
-Felsic is acidic with a lot of quartz (Ex: Rhyolite, Granite)
-Mafic is basic with less quarts (Ex: Basalt, Gabbro) |
| What is the difference bwteen Plutonic and Volcanic rock? | -Plutonic rock cools beneath the surface -> large crystals, course-grained texture, composed of feldspar, quartz, mica (Ex: Granite, Gabbro and Diorite)
-Volcanic rock cools on or above the surface -> small crystals, fine grain, and glassy texture, composed of minerals like olivin, pyrocene and plagioclase (Ex: Basalt and Rhyolite) |
| [This rock is made of very small crystal grains that don't have specific directions.] Is it Plutonic or Volcanic? | Plutonic |
| [This rock looks like small chips of rock stuck inside a big rock, the chips are facing a specific direction.] Is it Plutonic or Volcanic? | Volcanic, more specifically; SUBVOLCANIC. [When the rock has large chips that flow in the same direction. No chips/single chunk of crytal -> volcanic] |
| True or False: Volcanic rock always contains phenocrystals. | False. |
| What is the name of the structure inside volcanic rocks that have phenocrytals? | Porphyric |
| What is the name of the structure inside volcanic rocks that DO NOT HAVE phenocrytals? | Aphanitic |
| Rank the following volcanic rocks in the least to most silica content: Andesite, Rhyolite, Basalt | Basalt (47%), Andesite, Rhyolite (75%) |
| What are the characteristics of *pyroclastic*volcanic rock? | Tiny, tiny phenocrystals, very fine grain, sometimes with big pores or bubbles, sometimes with glass shards, crystals, ash and other fragments. |
| What are the three common types of pyroclastic volcanic rock? How to tell the difference between them? | -Tuff: Mostly Rhyolite, very porous, lots of cavities and bubbles, many different rock fragments and crystals (the matrix is almost white, the phenocrystals are multi-colored)
-Pozzolan: Very porous, some small bubbles and cavities, texture has layers, some crsytals and rock fragments.
-Bentonite: Clay-like due to weathering, usually white, light blue, yellow or green. Extremely fine grain, ashy. |
