| What are Sedimentary rocks? | The accumulated or deposited minerals, fragments or organic particles that have cemented together on the earth's surface. |
| Describe the process of forming sedimentary rocks. What is the name of this process? | DIAGENESIS (Die-uh-gen-isis)
1) Accumulation
2) Compaction
3) Cementation |
| What is the difference between Diagenesis and Metamorphism? | -Diagenesis: Physical and Chemical change due to water, rock, microbial activity and compaction. (below 300 degrees C)
-Metamorphism: Coverge a rock into a rock with different mineral composition, caused by pressure and temperature. (above 300 degrees C) |
| What are the types of sediments? | Aquatic sedimentary rocks
Aeolian sedimentary rocks
Glacial sedimentary rocks |
| What are the types of aquatic sedimentary rocks? | Fluvial sediments (river)
Lacustrine sediments (lake)
Marine sediments (sea) |
| What are some examples of Aeolian sedimentary rocks? | dune sand and loess (silt and clay deposits) |
| >0.002
<0.002
0.06
2
4
60
200
These measurements are in mm. Organize these following sediments by their grainsize from smallest to largest: Cobble, Pebble, Clay, Sand, Silt, Boulder, Granule. | Clay <0.002
Silt >0.002
Sand 0.06
Granule 2
Pebble 4
Cobble 60
Boulder 200 |
| What are the types of sedimentary rocks? | Clastic sedimentary rock
Biochemical sedimentary rock
Chemical sedimentary rock |
| What are the characteristics of Clastic sedimentary rocks? | -Caused by erosion, weathering |
| What are the characteristics of Biochemical sedimentary rocks? | -Caused by organisms (DO NOT FORGET ABOUT COAL) |
| What are the characteristics of Chemical sedimentary rocks? | -Caused by large deposits of concentrated chemical compounds (like salt) |
| What are the characteristics of Clastic sediment? | -Contains matrix and clasts, or just matrix
-Layered (>1cm layers), laminated (<1cm layers), solid (MUST BE MADE OF INORGANIC ROCKS) |
| What are the characteristics of Chemical sediment? | -Homogeneous, crystalline, banded
-Layered, laminated, fibrous (MUST BE MADE OF COMPOUNDS) |
| How do you refer to the orginal rock before it becomes metamorphic rock? | PROTOLITE / PROTOLITH |
| What are the types of Metamorphic rocks? | Contact metamorphism
Regional metamorphism |
| Describe the process of Contact metamorphism. | -High temperature, low pressure ("boiled")
-Occurs in the rocks around an igneous body in the Earth's interior. |
| Describe the process of Regional metamorphism. | -Low temperature, high pressure ("Compressed")
-Occurs during the formation of mountain chains in subduction zones. |
| What are the 3 changes that Metamorphism can cause in a rock? | Recrystallization
Metasomatismus [Meta-Somat-tismus]
Schistosity or cleavage [Shis-stoh-city] |
