| How is flooding mitigated? Name 3 methods. | -Structural solutions: dykes, levees, reservoirs
-Non-structural solutions: Warning systems, relocation
-Ecosystem based approaches: Resoring mangroves and wetlands, forest conservation |
| Define Geomorphology. | The study of the physical features of the earth's surface and their relationship to its geological structures. |
| Define Geography. | The study of the landscape and its relationships with people and the
environment. |
| What landform is at the end of a river? | River Delta |
| What processes lead to the formation of a river landscape? | Mountain formation
Precipitation
Erosion and desposition |
| What phenomenas are the resultant of Internal grothermal heat (Internal processes)? | Plate tectonic movement and earthquakes
Formation of mountains and basins
Volcanism and geothermal energy |
| What phenomenas are the resultant of solar action (external processes)? | Weathering and erosion
Sediment transport
Sediment deposition |
| What are the 3 energy sources for geological processes? | Heat
Gravity
Solar energy |
| What is the source of Heat for internal process? How is it generated? | -Heat from formation of the earth
-Heat from the decay of radioactive elements |
| How does Gravity affect internal processes? | -Forms convection currents -> plate tectonics
-Controls movement of water from mountains to the sea
-Controls the tides |
| How does solar energy affect internal processes? | -Created temperature differences -> atmospheric wind circulation
-Drives the water cycle
-Drives biological processes |
| What are the 4 types of landforms? | Erosion landforms
Deposition landforms
Weathered landforms
Strucutral landforms |
| Give 2 examples for Erosion landforms. | River gorge
Gullies
Coastal cliffs |
| Give 2 examples for Deposition landforms. | Meander
River delta zone
Beaches
Coral reefs |
| What is often found in Erosion Landforms? What are the consequences of this? | Slope instabilites.
+Ground creep
+Landslides
+Sludge/debris flow
+Stone chips |
| What are 2 examples of Physical weathering landforms? | Rock abrasions and mushroom rocks
Rock fragmentations and debris cones |
| What are 2 examples of Chemical weathering landforms? What are the characterisitcs of each example? | Karst landscapes: Sinkholes, saves, underground rivers
Badlands: clay-rich rock, severe erosion, many drainage channels |
| What are 4 examples of Structural landforms? What are their characteristics? | -Mesa landforms: Raised flat surface (like small, flat mountain)
-Cuesta landforms: Sloping surfaces, tilted (long medium mountain that's tilted slightly)
-Hogback landforms: Narrow ridges with steep slope (one side is short and steep, the other is long and not steep)
-Complex landforms |
| What is the Greenhouse Effect? | Excess Greenhouse gasses trapped in the atmosphere (methane, carbon dioxide,...) which traps heats -> warmer atmosphere |
| How does climate change affect the soil? | 1)
-Climate change = extreme weather changes -> Typhoons, Tropical cyclones, etc...
-Excessive rainfall -> more pore water pressure -> lower effective soil tension -> instability, dissolution -> collapse --> Landslides, sinkholes,...
2) Climate change = Higher temperature -> more chemical reactions -> thick soil -> less permeability near the top soil layers. |
| How does climate change affect flooding? | More intense precipitation (rain)
Changing weather patterns
Sea level rise
Land degredation and urbanization
--> flooding |
| How is flooding mitigated? Name 3 methods. | -Structural solutions: dykes, levees, reservoirs
-Non-structural solutions: Warning systems, relocation
-Ecosystem based approaches: Resoring mangroves and wetlands, forest conservation |
