| When did the Ottoman Empire begin exercising formal sovereignty over Arabia? | The early 16th century. |
| What was the key feature of Ottoman rule in Arabia for much of the time before World War I? | It ruled with a comparatively light touch, garrisoning key trading ports and maintaining a presence in Mecca and Medina. |
| Which territories were more directly controlled by the Ottoman Empire than Arabia? | Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia (Iraq), and Egypt. |
| When did the Ottoman Empire enter World War I? | 1914 |
| What inspired the nascent Arab nationalism during World War I? | 19th-century Western ideas and the nationalist movements of the Slavic minorities in the Ottoman Balkan territorie |
| When did the Ottoman Empire complete the Hejaz railway? | 1908 |
| What was the Hejaz railway’s significance to the Ottoman Empire? | It provided a direct link between Medina and Damascus, facilitating Ottoman access to the Arabian interior. |
| Who led the Hashemite clan in 1914? | Sharif Hussein ibn Ali. |
| Who was Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, and what role did he play in 1914? | He was a leader in the central Arabian interior who condemned the Ottoman government. |
| What triggered Arab unrest in 1914? | The intrusion of Ottoman forces and the Young Turk government's pan-Turkic nationalist agenda. |
| When did the Arab Revolt officially begin? | 5 June 1916. |
| Who were the sons of Sharif Hussein ibn Ali who commanded forces during the Arab Revolt? | Emir Ali and Emir Feisal. |
| When did Sharif Hussein ibn Ali proclaim the revolt in Mecca? | 10 June 1916. |
| What was the significance of the ports Jeddah, Yanbu, and Rabegh during the revolt? | They were key ports seized by Arab forces, facilitating British supplies and arms. |
| Which British naval ship supported Arab forces during the revolt? | HMS Ben-My-Chree. |
| When did British forces intervene to help Arab forces during the revolt? | 1916 |
| When did the British military mission in the Arab Revolt include Lieutenant T.E. Lawrence? | October 1916. |
| Where was the final defeat of Ottoman forces in the Hejaz region in December 1916? | Yanbu |
| What was the Royal Navy’s role in the Arab Revolt in early January 1917? | It intervened to help defend the ports of Rabegh from Ottoman attack. |
| What year did the Sykes-Picot Agreement get disclosed? | What year did the Sykes-Picot Agreement get disclosed? |
| What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement? | A secret 1916 deal dividing Ottoman territories between Britain and France. |
| When did Emir Feisal capture the port of Wejh? | 1917. |
| How far did Feisal’s forces extend their attacks on the Hejaz railway by 1917? | As far north as southern Jordan. |
| When did T.E. Lawrence and Feisal's men capture Aqaba? | June 1917. |
| What was the name of Feisal's army after capturing Aqaba? | The Arab Northern Army. |
| When did the British win the Third Battle of Gaza (Beersheba)? | October 1917. |
| What British offensive advanced through Palestine and Jordan in late 1917? | The British advanced through the Jordan Valley. |
| When did the Arab Northern Army reach Damascus? | 1 October 1918. |
| When did the Ottoman Empire agree to an armistice? | 30 October 1918. |
| What was the key factor in the Arab Revolt’s success after the armistice? | Tense negotiations with the British and French over the region's future. |
